Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Araújo-Filho HG, Dos Santos JF, Carvalho MTB, Picot L, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Groult H, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. Anticancer activity of limonene: A systematic review of target signaling pathways. Phytother Res. 2021 Sep;35(9):4957-4970. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7125. 

Abstract. Limonene (LIM) is a monoterpene, which is abundant in essential oils of Citrus fruits peels (Rutaceae). More recently, LIM, as a potential natural anticancer compound, has attracted major attention and exerted a chemopreventive activity, stimulating the detoxification of carcinogenic compounds and limiting tumor growth and angiogenesis in various cancer models. 

Sun C, Theodoropoulos C, Scrutton NS. Techno-economic assessment of microbial limonene production. Bioresour Technol. 2020 Mar;300:122666. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122666.

Abstract. A techno-economic analysis is carried out for one such process producing limonene from sugar at an industrial plant scale to assess potential economic viability. A conceptual design of the process is developed, in which a gas stripping-solvent scrubbing method is chosen for recovering limonene from bioreactors based on consideration of payback time and process operability. 

Garre A, Espín JF, Huertas JP, Periago PM, Palop A. Limonene nanoemulsified with soya lecithin reduces the intensity of non-isothermal treatments for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 27;10(1):3656. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60571-9.

Abstract.  Treatments with a high heating rate (20 °C/min) are more effective than those with a slow heating rate (1 °C/min). This investigation demonstrates that the addition of nanoemulsified D-limonene can greatly reduce the intensity of the thermal treatments currently applied in the food industry. Hence, it can improve the product quality without impacting its safety.

Santana HSR, de Carvalho FO, Silva ER, Santos NGL, Shanmugam S, Santos DN, Wisniewski JO, Junior JSC, Nunes PS, Araujo AAS, de Albuquerque Junior RLC, Dos Santos MRV. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Limonene in the Prevention and Control of Injuries in the Respiratory System: A Systematic Review. Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(18):2182-2191. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200320130443.

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory activity of limonene and its capacity to prevent and control respiratory system injuries.

Gentile D, Berliocchi L, Russo R, Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT. Effects of the autophagy modulators d-limonene and chloroquine on vimentin levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Dec 17;533(4):764-769. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.073.

Abstract. Here, we report that this monoterpene rapidly enhances Ca2+ levels in SH-SY5Y cells; yet this effect does not lead to calpain- or caspase-mediated proteolysis of α-spectrin, nor calpain activity is required for the established enhancement of LC3-II levels by d-limonene.

 Ciriminna R, Lomeli-Rodriguez M, Demma Carà P, Lopez-Sanchez JA, Pagliaro M. Limonene: a versatile chemical of the bioeconomy. Chem Commun (Camb). 2014 Dec 18;50(97):15288-96. doi: 10.1039/c4cc06147k.

Abstract. We anticipate that the expansion in uses for limonene will translate into increasing production and use of this relevant natural product, especially for advanced applications.

Justino de Araújo AC, Freitas PR, Rodrigues Dos Santos Barbosa C, Muniz DF, Rocha JE, Albuquerque da Silva AC, Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino C, Ribeiro-Filho J, Everson da Silva L, Confortin C, Amaral WD, Deschamps C, Barbosa-Filho JM, Ramos de Lima NT, Tintino SR, Melo Coutinho HD. GC-MS-FID characterization and antibacterial activity of the Mikania cordifolia essential oil and limonene against MDR strains. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020 Feb;136:111023. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111023. 

Abstract. The present study evaluated the effect of the essential oil of Mikania cordifolia (EOMc) and its major constituent limonene alone or associated with antibacterial drugs against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria (MDR). To evaluate the antibacterial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oil and limonene against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were determined.