![]() | "Descrizione" by A_Partyns (12948 pt) | 2024-Sep-20 19:08 |
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Linalolo (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol) è un un alcol monoterpenico che viene estratto da piante aromatiche come Lavandula sp., Ocinum Basilicum L. ed altre piante delle famiglie Lamiaceae e Rutaceae. Viene anche estratto per sintesi organica da α, β-pinene o altri terpeni e isolato dalle Plantaginaceae, olio di palissandro, olio di carragenina, olio di coriandolo e olio di eucalipto. Il linalolo viene ossidato per formare il Citral, una sostanza che può anche essere usata per produrre, con procedimento chimico, molti altri aromi.
Il nome definisce la struttura della molecola:
Sintesi chimica naturale:
Il procedimento di sintesi industriale si svolge in diverse fasi:
Si presenta in forma di liquido chiaro da incolore a giallo pallido, relativamente solubile in acqua e altamente solubile in molti solventi organici.
A cosa serve e dove si usa
Medicina
Per il suo alto potenziale di penetrazione e le sue affinità per le membrane cellulari ha la capacità di legarsi a diverse strutture molecolari come glicoproteine proteine. Esiste in due enantiomerici con diversi effetti farmacologici: (R)-linalool funziona come antistress, (S)-linalool aumenta la frequenza cardiaca.
E' noto per avere proprietà antinfiammatorie, antitumorali, antiiperlipidemia, antibatteriche e neuroprotettive (1).
Alimentazione
E' un ingrediente approvato dalla Food and Drug Administration (FDA) come GRAS per cui è riconosciuto come additivo alimentare sicuro e viene inserito per conferire profumo ai prodotti alimentari in cui è inserito. E frequentemente usato come aroma di burro, uva, albicocche, ananas. Occorre evitarne l'ossidazione.
Cosmetica
Farmaceutica
Fragranza in diverse formulazioni di farmaci ad esempio anti carie.
Altri usi
Tabacco, insetticidi
Per approfondire l'argomento sono stati selezionati gli studi più rilevanti ed il relativo abstract:
Caratteristiche tipiche ottimali del prodotto commerciale Linalool
Appearance | Clear colourless to pale yellow liquid |
Boiling point | 194-197 °C/720 mmHg (lit.) |
Melting Point | 25°C |
Density | 0.87 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) 0.9±0.1 g/cm3 |
Flash Point | 76.1±0.0 °C |
Vapour Pressure | 0.1±0.8 mmHg at 25°C |
pH | 4.5 (1.45g/l, H2O, 25℃) |
pka | 14.51±0.29 |
Specific Gravity | 0.860 (20/4℃) |
Explosive Limit | 0.9-5.2%(V) |
Water Solubility | 1.45 g/L (25ºC) |
PSA | 20.23000 |
LogP | 3.28 |
Storage | 2-8°C |
Safety | ![]() |
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Sinonimi :
Bibliografia_________________________________________________________________________
(1) Pereira I, Severino P, Santos AC, Silva AM, Souto EB. Linalool bioactive properties and potential applicability in drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018 Nov 1;171:566-578. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.001.
An Q, Ren JN, Li X, Fan G, Qu SS, Song Y, Li Y, Pan SY. Recent updates on bioactive properties of linalool. Food Funct. 2021 Nov 1;12(21):10370-10389. doi: 10.1039/d1fo02120f. PMID: 34611674.
Abstract. Natural products, including essential oils and their components, have been used for their bioactivities. Linalool (2,6-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol) is an aromatic monoterpene alcohol that is widely found in essential oils and is broadly used in perfumes, cosmetics, household cleaners and food additives. This review covers the sources, physicochemical properties, application, synthesis and bioactivities of linalool. The present study focuses on the bioactive properties of linalool, including anticancer, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and lung protective activity and the underlying mechanisms. Besides this, the therapeutic potential of linalool and the prospect of encapsulating linalool are also discussed. Linalool can induce apoptosis of cancer cells via oxidative stress, and at the same time protects normal cells. Linalool exerts antimicrobial effects through disruption of cell membranes. The protective effects of linalool to the liver, kidney and lung are owing to its anti-inflammatory activity. On account of its protective effects and low toxicity, linalool can be used as an adjuvant of anticancer drugs or antibiotics. Therefore, linalool has a great potential to be applied as a natural and safe alternative therapeutic.
Singh S, Mishra A. Linalool: Therapeutic Indication And Their Multifaceted Biomedical Applications. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2024 Jul;74(6):255-268. doi: 10.1055/a-2321-9571. Epub 2024 Jul 5. PMID: 38968949.
Abstract. This comprehensive review endeavors to illuminate the nuanced facets of linalool, a prominent monoterpene found abundantly in essential oils, constituting a massive portion of their composition. The biomedical relevance of linalool is a key focus, highlighting its therapeutic attributes observed through anti-nociceptive effects, anxiolytic properties, and behavioral modulation in individuals affected by dementia. These findings underscore the compound's potential application in biomedical applications. This review further explores contemporary formulations, delineating the adaptability of linalool in nano-emulsions, microemulsions, bio-capsules, and various topical formulations, including topical gels and lotions. This review covers published and granted patents between 2018-2024 and sheds light on the evolving landscape of linalool applications, revealing advancements in dermatological, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial domains. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Letizia CS, Cocchiara J, Lalko J, Api AM. Fragrance material review on linalool. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Jul;41(7):943-64. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00015-2.
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