Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Beel R, Lütke Eversloh C, Ternes TA. Biotransformation of the UV-filter sulisobenzone: challenges for the identification of transformation products. Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Jul 2;47(13):6819-28. doi: 10.1021/es400451w. 

Abstract. The UV-filter substance Sulisobenzone (BP-4) is widely employed in sunscreens and other personal care products. In the current study, its behavior during biological wastewater treatment was investigated.

Frikeche J, Couteau C, Roussakis C, Coiffard LJ. Research on the immunosuppressive activity of ingredients contained in sunscreens. Arch Dermatol Res. 2015 Apr;307(3):211-8. doi: 10.1007/s00403-014-1528-9.

Abstract. The immunosuppressive properties of Benzophenone-4, an UV-filter and three ingredients, Allantoin, Bisabolol and Enoxolon used in sunscreen formulation, previously characterized as anti-inflammatory compounds, are studied. The results of this study demonstrate that four tested molecules have effects on DCs and T cells which are the most important cells of the immune system. The impact is also visible on keratinocyte cells which are in the direct contact with skin sunscreens. Each ingredient should be used with caution at reduced doses or even removed from some cosmetic preparations, such as sunscreens.

Jia X, Jin J, Gao R, Feng T, Huang Y, Zhou Q, Li A. Degradation of benzophenone-4 in a UV/chlorine disinfection process: Mechanism and toxicity evaluation. Chemosphere. 2019 May;222:494-502. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.186.

Abstract. This study investigated the degradation of benzophenone-4 (BP-4) in a UV/chlorine disinfection process, with chlorination and UV disinfection as comparisons. 

Molins-Delgado D, Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D. Ecological risk assessment associated to the removal of endocrine-disrupting parabens and benzophenone-4 in wastewater treatment. J Hazard Mater. 2016 Jun 5;310:143-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.030.

Abstract. The occurrence of four widely used and endocrine disrupting parabens (PBs) (methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben and benzylparaben) and a polar UV filter (benzophenone-4) were determined in influent and effluent wastewater from the 19 major wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Catalonia, Spain.

Sherwood VF, Kennedy S, Zhang H, Purser GH, Sheaff RJ. Altered UV absorbance and cytotoxicity of chlorinated sunscreen agents. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2012 Dec;31(4):273-9. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2011.647181. 

Abstract. Sunscreens are widely utilized due to the adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human health. The safety of their active ingredients as well as that of any modified versions generated during use is thus of concern.