Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Mie A, Rudén C, Grandjean P. Safety of Safety Evaluation of Pesticides: developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl. Environ Health. 2018 Nov 16;17(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12940-018-0421-y.

Abstract.  We reviewed the industry-funded developmental neurotoxicity test data on chlorpyrifos and the related substance chlorpyrifos-methyl.

Watanabe M, Noguchi M, Hashimoto T, Yoshida S. Chlorpyrifos-Methyl, Pirimiphos-Methyl and Fenitrothion Residues in Commercial Wheat Products. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2018;59(5):228-233. Japanese. doi: 10.3358/shokueishi.59.228. 

Abstract. We measured the concentrations of organophosphorus pesticide （chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl and fenitrothion） residues in domestic and imported commercial wheat products （flour, noodles, cookies） collected from 2008 to 2016. Chlorpyrifos-methyl and fenitrothion in domestic flour samples were detected in 16 out of 34 samples at levels of ＜0.001 to 0.016 ppm, and in 14 out of 34 samples at levels of ＜0.001 to 0.004 ppm. 

Beránková M, Hojerová J, Melegová L. Exposure of amateur gardeners to pesticides via the non-gloved skin per day. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Oct;108(Pt A):224-235. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.060. 

Abstract. To predict a risk to gardeners not wearing protective gloves, the dermal absorption of three active insecticides was assessed in vitro using porcine ear-skin simulating 1-h handling of diluted plant protection products. 

Szpyrka E, Matyaszek A, Słowik-Borowiec M. Dissipation of chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos-methyl and indoxacarb-insecticides used to control codling moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) and leafrollers (Tortricidae) in apples for production of baby food. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 May;24(13):12128-12135. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8821-z.

Abstract. Dissipations of three insecticides: chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos-methyl and indoxacarb in apples were studied following their foliar application on apples intended for production of baby food. The apples were sprayed with formulations for control of codling moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) and leafrollers (Tortricidae). 

Deng Y, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Ren H. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by the chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl metabolite, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, in orally exposed mice. Sci Total Environ. 2016 Feb 15;544:507-14. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.162.

Abstract. In this study, 5 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day, and 150 mg/kg/day TCP were given to male mice through gavage for four weeks.

Bajracharya NS, Opit GP, Talley J, Jones CL. Efficacies of spinosad and a combination of chlorpyrifos-methyl and deltamethrin against phosphine-resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on wheat. J Econ Entomol. 2013 Oct;106(5):2208-15. doi: 10.1603/ec13215.

Abstract. Highly phosphine-resistant populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) have recently been found in Oklahoma grain storage facilities. These findings necessitate development of a phosphine resistance management strategy to ensure continued effective use of phosphine. Therefore, we investigated the efficacies of two grain insecticides, namely, spinosad applied at label rate of 1 ppm and a mixture of chlorpyrifos-methyl and deltamethrin applied at label rates of 3 and 0.5 ppm, respectively, against highly phosphine-resistant R. dominica and T. castaneum.