Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Kesavan R, Chandel S, Upadhyay S, Bendre R, Ganugula R, Potunuru UR, Giri H, Sahu G, Kumar PU, Reddy GB, Joksic G, Bera AK, Dixit M. Gentiana lutea exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects by preventing endothelial inflammation and smooth muscle cell migration. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016 Apr;26(4):293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.016.

Abstract. In this study we sought to investigate the protective mechanism of Gentiana lutea (GL)  aqueous root extract and isovitexin on endothelial inflammation, smooth muscle cell migation, and on the onset and progression of atherosclerosis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Liu Y, Liu Q, Chen D, Matsuura A, Xiang L, Qi J. Inokosterone from Gentiana rigescens Franch Extends the Longevity of Yeast and Mammalian Cells via Antioxidative Stress and Mitophagy Induction. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jan 23;11(2):214. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020214. 

Abstract: In the present study, replicative lifespan and chronological lifespan assays of yeast were used to double-screen antiaging compounds from Gentiana rigescens Franch, a Chinese herb medicine. Inokosterone from G. rigescens Franch extended not only the replicative lifespan of K6001 yeast but also the chronological lifespan of YOM36 yeast. Furthermore, it can enhance the survival ability of mammalian cells. In order to understand the mechanism of action of this compound, this study focused on antioxidative stress and autophagy when performing the analysis.  

Yu T, Han G, Luan Z, Zhu C, Zhao J, Sheng Y. Functional Analysis of Genes GlaDFR1 and GlaDFR2 Encoding Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase (DFR) in Gentiana lutea L. Var. Aurantiaca (M. Laínz) M. Laínz. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Jan 10;2022:1382604. doi: 10.1155/2022/1382604.

Abstract. Anthocyanins are important pigments for flower color, determining the ornamental and economic values of horticultural plants. As a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to generate the precursors for anthocyanidins (i.e., leucoanthocyanidins) and anthocyanins. To investigate the functions of DFRs in plants, we cloned the GlaDFR1 and GlaDFR2 genes from the petals of Gentiana lutea var. aurantiaca and transformed both genes into Nicotiana tabacum by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc method.

Gendrisch F, Nováčková A, Sochorová M, Haarhaus B, Vávrová K, Schempp CM, Wölfle U. Gentiana lutea Extract Modulates Ceramide Synthesis in Primary and Psoriasis-Like Keratinocytes. Molecules. 2020 Apr 16;25(8):1832. doi: 10.3390/molecules25081832.

Abstract. Gentiana lutea is a bitter herb that is traditionally used to improve gastric disorders. Recently, we have shown that Gentiana lutea extract (GE) also modulates the lipid metabolism of human keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the role of GE on ceramide synthesis in human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) and psoriasis-like keratinocytes.

De Vita S, Chini MG, Saviano G, Finamore C, Festa C, Lauro G, De Marino S, Russo R, Avagliano C, Casapullo A, Calignano A, Bifulco G, Iorizzi M. Biological Profile of Two Gentiana lutea L. Metabolites Using Computational Approaches and In Vitro Tests. Biomolecules. 2021 Oct 9;11(10):1490. doi: 10.3390/biom11101490.

Abstract. Natural products have been the main source of bioactive molecules for centuries. We tested the biological profile of two metabolites extracted from Gentiana lutea L. by means of computational techniques and in vitro assays.

EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Durjava MF, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Westendorf J, Galobart J, Manini P, Pizzo F, Dusemund B. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from roots of Gentiana lutea L. (gentian tincture) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J. 2021 Apr 21;19(4):e06547. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6547.

Abstract. Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a tincture from the roots of Gentiana lutea L. (gentian tincture) when used as a sensory feed additive for all animal species.