La famiglia Nymphalidae comprende circa 6.000 specie (1) ed ha avuto origine probabilmente nel 94 MYA a metà Cretaceo.
E' una famiglia con alto tasso di diversificazione (2) e moltissime specie, tra le quali :
- Adelpha iphicleola leucates Fruhstorfer, 1915
- Adelpha Ificlo
- Adelpha malea (Felder & Felder, 1861)
- Agraulis vanillae maculosa (Stichel, [1908])
- Amadriade iphtime
- Anartia jatrophae (Linnaeus, 1763)
- Antinhea adoptiva (Weymer, 1909)
- Antirrhea Hübner 1822
- Archaeoprepona demophon (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Arginnys aglaja
- Biblis hyperia (Cramer, 1779)
- Caligo illioneus (Cramer, 1775)
- Callicore pygas (Godart,1824)
- Callicore sorana (Godart, 1824)
- Catoblepia berecynthia (Cramer, 1777)
- Chlosyne lacinia saundersi (Doubleday, [1847])
- Cissia terrestris (Butler, 1867)
- Colobura dirce (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Doxocopa agathina (Cramer, 1777)
- Doxocopa linda nitoris Fruhstorfer, 1907
- Dryas iulia (Fabricius, 1775)
- Dryadula phaetusa (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Dynamine aerata (Butler, 1877)
- Dynamine agacles (Dalman, 1823)
- Dynamine artemisia (Fabricius, 1793)
- Dynamine coenus (Fabricius, 1793)
- Dynamine postverta (Cramer, 1779)
- Dynamine postverta postverta (Cramer, 1779)
- Eryphanis reevesii (Doubleday, [1849])
- Eunica macris (Godart, 1824)
- Eunica margarita (Godart, 1824)
- Eunica tatila (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
- Eunica bechina (Hewitson, 1852)
- Fountainea ryphea (Cramer, 1775)
- Hamadryas amphinome (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Hamadryas arete (Doubleday, 1847)
- Hamadryas chloe (Stoll, 1787)
- Hamadryas epinome (Felder & Felder, 1867)
- Hamadryas februa (Hübner, 1823)
- Hamadryas feronia (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Hamadryas iphthime (Bates, 1864)
- Haematera pyrame (Hübner, 1819)
- Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775)
- Historis odius (Fabricius, 1775)
- Junonia evarete (Cramer, 1779)
- Libytheana carinenta (Cramer, 1777)
- Lycorea halia pales Felder & Felder, 1862
- Magneuptychia ocnus (Butler, 1867)
- Manataria hercyna (Hübner, [1821])
- Marpesia chiron (Fabricius, 1775)
- Marpesia petreus (Cramer, 1776)
- Memphis acidalia (Hübner, [1819]
- Memphis moruus (Fabricius, 1775)
- Morpho helenor (Cramer, 1776)
- Nica flavilla (Godart, 1824)
- Opsiphanes invirae (Hübner, [1808])
- Ortilia ithra (Kirby, 1900)
- Ortilia orthia (Hewitson, 1864)
- Pareuptychia ocirrhoe (Fabricius, 1776)
- Pareuptychia ocirrhoe interjecta (D’Almeida, 1952)
- Pareuptychia summandosa (Gosse, 1880)
- Paryphthimoides grimon (Godart, [1824])
- Paryphthimoides phronius (Godart, [1824])
- Paryphthimoides poltys (Prittwitz, 1865)
- Posttaygetis penelea (Cramer, [1777])
- Prepona pylene Hewitson, [1854]
- Siproeta stelenes (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Smyrna blomfildia (Fabricius, 1781)
- Taygetina kerea (Butler, 1869)
- Taygetis Laches Fabricius, 1793
- Taygetis larua Felder & Felder, 1867
- Taygetis mermeria (Cramer, 1776)
- Taygetis rufomarginata Staudinger, 1888
- Taygetis sylvia Bates, 1866
- Taygetis tripunctata Weymer, 1907
- Taygetis virgilia (Cramer, [1776])
- Tegosa claudina (Eschscholtz, 1821)
- Temenis laothoe (Cramer, 1777)
- Thyridia psidii Linnaeus, 1758
- Tithorea harmonia (Cramer, 1777)
- Zaretis isidora (Cramer, 1779)
- Yphthimoides celmis (Godart, [1824])
_______________________________________________
(1) Mitter C, Farrell B, Wiegmann B. The phylogenetic study of adaptive zones: Has phytophagy promoted insect diversification? Am Nat. 1988;132(1): 107–128. doi: 10.1086/284840
(2) Diversity Dynamics in Nymphalidae Butterflies: Effect of Phylogenetic Uncertainty on Diversification Rate Shift Estimates
Carlos Peña, Marianne Espeland
PLoS One. 2015; 10(4): e0120928. Published online 2015 Apr 1. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120928
