"Descrizione" by Nat45 (5725 pt) | 2024-Aug-29 15:11 |
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Il Lino (Linum usitatissimum L.) è un'importante coltura industriale dalla quale si ricavano semi, oli e fibre, queste ultime utilizzate dall'industria tessile nella produzione di abiti e biancheria.
Il Linum usitatissimum, comunemente noto come Lino o Flax, è una pianta erbacea annuale coltivata per i suoi semi e le sue fibre. È una delle piante coltivate più antiche, apprezzata per i semi ricchi di olio e le fibre resistenti, usate nei tessuti. Originario della regione mediterranea, il lino è oggi coltivato globalmente per i suoi benefici economici e nutrizionali.
Classificazione Botanica:
Caratteristiche della Pianta:
Composizione Chimica e Struttura:
Come Coltivarla:
Usi e Benefici:
Applicazioni:
Considerazioni Ambientali e di Sicurezza:
Studi
Nei semi si trovano interessanti componenti antiossidanti quali i composti fenilpropanoidi, Acido vanillico, Vanillina, Acido Cumarico, Acido ferulico e sono la fonte più ricca di Acido alfa-linolenico nonchè un'ottima fonte di fibre alimentari.
Lo stelo di lino è la principale fonte di fibre ricche di cellulosa, utilizzata dalle industrie tessili per la produzione di biancheria da letto.
L'olio ricavato dai semi di lino è vantaggioso per la salute umana per la presenza di una quantità elevata di acidi grassi polinsaturi omega-3. Inoltre, l'olio di lino viene utilizzato nella preparazione di molti solventi industriali (1).
Il lino contiene circa il 34% di olio e un elevato contenuto di acido α-linolenico (> 50%) lo rende un ingrediente di alimentazione comune per l'arricchimento dell'acido grasso n-3 (2).
Contiene anche polisaccaridi di mucillosi (polisaccaridi neutri e acidi composti principalmente di acido galatturonico) (3).
Una delle malattie più comuni della pianta del lino, è quella fungina causata dal Fusarium oxysporum (4).
Bibliografia______________________________________________________________________
(1) Shivaraj SM, Deshmukh RK, Rai R, Bélanger R, Agrawal PK, Dash PK Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression profile of aquaporin gene family in flax (Linum usitatissimum). Sci Rep. 2017 Apr 27;7:46137. doi: 10.1038/srep46137.
Abstract. Membrane intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form transmembrane channels and facilitate transport of myriad substrates across the cell membrane in many organisms. Majority of plant MIPs have water transporting ability and are commonly referred as aquaporins (AQPs). In the present study, we identified aquaporin coding genes in flax by genome-wide analysis, their structure, function and expression pattern by pan-genome exploration. Cross-genera phylogenetic analysis with known aquaporins from rice, arabidopsis, and poplar showed five subgroups of flax aquaporins representing 16 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 17 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 13 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), 2 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and 3 uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Amongst aquaporins, PIPs contained hydrophilic aromatic arginine (ar/R) selective filter but TIP, NIP, SIP and XIP subfamilies mostly contained hydrophobic ar/R selective filter. Analysis of RNA-seq and microarray data revealed high expression of PIPs in multiple tissues, low expression of NIPs, and seed specific expression of TIP3 in flax. Exploration of aquaporin homologs in three closely related Linum species bienne, grandiflorum and leonii revealed presence of 49, 39 and 19 AQPs, respectively. The genome-wide identification of aquaporins, first in flax, provides insight to elucidate their physiological and developmental roles in flax.
(2) Cherian G, Quezada N. Egg quality, fatty acid composition and immunoglobulin Y content in eggs from laying hens fed full fat camelina or flax seed. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2016 Mar 3;7:15. doi: 10.1186/s40104-016-0075-y. eCollection 2016.
Abstract. Background: The current study was conducted to evaluate egg quality and egg yolk fatty acids and immunoglobulin (IgY) content from laying hens fed full fat camelina or flax seed....Results: Egg production was higher in hens fed Camelina and Flax than in Control hens (P < 0.05). Egg weight and albumen weight was lowest in eggs from hens fed Camelina (P < 0.05). Shell weight relative to egg weight (shell weight %), and shell thickness was lowest in eggs from hens fed Flax (P < 0.05). No difference was noted in Haugh unit, yolk:albumen ratio, and yolk weight. Significant increase in α-linolenic (18:3 n-3), docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-3) and docoshexaenoic (22:6 n-3) acids were observed in egg yolk from hens fed Camelina and Flax. Total n-3 fatty acids constituted 1.19 % in Control eggs compared to 3.12 and 3.09 % in Camelina and Flax eggs, respectively (P < 0.05). Eggs from hens fed Camelina and Flax had the higher IgY concentration than those hens fed Control diet when expressed on a mg/g of yolk basis (P < 0.05). Although the egg weight was significantly lower in Camelina-fed hens, the total egg content of IgY was highest in eggs from hens fed Camelina (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The egg n-3 fatty acid and IgY enhancing effect of dietary camelina seed warrants further attention into the potential of using camelina as a functional feed ingredient in poultry feeding.
(3) European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy. Lini semen. 2nd ed. New York: Thieme; 2003. ESCOP Monographs; pp. 290–6.
(4) Wojtasik W, Kulma A, Dymińska L, Hanuza J, Czemplik M, Szopa J. Evaluation of the significance of cell wall polymers in flax infected with a pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum. BMC Plant Biol. 2016 Mar 22;16:75. doi: 10.1186/s12870-016-0762-z.
Abstract. Background: Fusarium oxysporum infection leads to Fusarium-derived wilt, which is responsible for the greatest losses in flax (Linum usitatissimum) crop yield. Plants infected by Fusarium oxysporum show severe symptoms of dehydration due to the growth of the fungus in vascular tissues. As the disease develops, vascular browning and leaf yellowing can be observed. In the case of more virulent strains, plants die. The pathogen's attack starts with secretion of enzymes degrading the host cell wall. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the role of the cell wall polymers in the flax plant response to the infection in order to better understand the process of resistance and develop new ways to protect plants against infection. For this purpose, the expression of genes involved in cell wall polymer metabolism and corresponding polymer levels were investigated in flax seedlings after incubation with Fusarium oxysporum....Conclusion: The results suggest that the role of the cell wall polymers in the plant response to Fusarium oxysporum infection is manifested through changes in expression of their genes and rearrangement of the cell wall polymers. Our studies provided new information about the role of cellulose and hemicelluloses in the infection process, the change of their structure and the expression of genes participating in their metabolism during the pathogen infection. We also confirmed the role of pectin and lignin in this process, indicating the major changes at the mRNA level of lignin metabolism genes and the loosening of the pectin structure.
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