Zielińska A, Nowak I. Abundance of active ingredients in sea-buckthorn oil. Lipids Health Dis. 2017 May 19;16(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0469-7. 

Abstract. Vegetable oils are obtained by mechanical extraction or cold pressing of various parts of plants, most often: seeds, fruits, and drupels. Chemically, these oils are compounds of the ester-linked glycerol and higher fatty acids with long aliphatic chain hydrocarbons (min. C14:0). Vegetable oils have a variety of properties, depending on their percentage of saturation. This article describes sea-buckthorn oil, which is extracted from the well characterized fruit and seeds of sea buckthorn. The plant has a large number of active ingredients the properties of which are successfully used in the cosmetic industry and in medicine. Valuable substances contained in sea-buckthorn oil play an important role in the proper functioning of the human body and give skin a beautiful and healthy appearance. A balanced composition of fatty acids give the number of vitamins or their range in this oil and explains its frequent use in cosmetic products for the care of dry, flaky or rapidly aging skin. Moreover, its unique unsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitooleic acid (omega-7) and gamma-linolenic acid (omega-6), give sea-buckthorn oil skin regeneration and repair properties. Sea-buckthorn oil also improves blood circulation, facilitates oxygenation of the skin, removes excess toxins from the body and easily penetrates through the epidermis. Because inside the skin the gamma-linolenic acid is converted to prostaglandins, sea-buckthorn oil protects against infections, prevents allergies, eliminates inflammation and inhibits the aging process. With close to 200 properties, sea-buckthorn oil is a valuable addition to health and beauty products.

Mortensen MW, Spagner C, Cuparencu C, Astrup A, Raben A, Dragsted LO. Sea buckthorn decreases and delays insulin response and improves glycaemic profile following a sucrose-containing berry meal: a randomised, controlled, crossover study of Danish sea buckthorn and strawberries in overweight and obese male subjects. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Dec;57(8):2827-2837. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1550-8. 

Abstract. Purpose: Berries and mixed berry products exert acute effects on postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia, but very few berries have been studied, and primarily in normal weight subjects. Sea buckthorn and strawberry are compositionally widely different berries and may likely produce different responses. The effects of strawberry and sea buckthorn on postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia were examined in overweight or obese male subjects. Subjective appetite sensations and ad libitum intake were also examined.....Conclusions: There was no effect on postprandial glucose response to a sugar challenge given together with purees of strawberry or sea buckthorn. Sea buckthorn decreased and delayed the insulin response and improved glycaemic profile compared with control. Strawberry had no such effects. No important differences were seen for the appetite measures. Sea buckthorn might be useful as a culinary tool for lowering meal insulin response.

Ran BB, Li WD. Research progress on chemical constituents and their differences between sea buckthorn berries and leaves. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2019 May;44(9):1767-1773. Chinese. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190222.002. 

Abstract. Sea buckthorn berries and leaves are two medicinal parts derived from the same primitive plant,mostly used as ethnic medicine,which have a long history in Mongolian and Tibetan. This paper reviews the studies on the chemical composition and differences between sea buckthorn berries and leaves. They have the same or similar composition and content of flavonoids,triterpenes,steroids,organic acids and volatile oils,also have some differences. The main differences are as follows: the flavonoids content in the sea buckthorn leaves is greater than that of the sea buckthorn berries,but the species of flavonoids in the berries are higher than leaves. The species and content of steroids and organic acids in the berries are higher than that of the leaves. The berries contain abundant volatile oil,and the leaves contain many phenolic compounds. Finally,the main problems and the prospect of the next research are put forward.

Guo X , Shi L , Yang S , Yang R , Dai X , Zhang T , Liu R , Chang M , Jin Q , Wang X . Effect of sea-buckthorn pulp and flaxseed residues on quality and shelf life of bread. Food Funct. 2019 Jul 17;10(7):4220-4230. doi: 10.1039/c8fo02511h. 

Abstract. The use of natural products as food supplements has received increasing attention in recent years. Sea-buckthorn pulp and flaxseed residues are rich in phenolic fractions and aroma substances, thereby offering high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. However, large quantities of these residues usually remain unused. Therefore, this study confirmed the chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of these materials, and evaluated their effect on the quality, characteristics and shelf life of bread. Both residues were rich in crude fiber, while sea-buckthorn had a much higher content of polyphenols compared with flaxseed. The addition of these two residues changed the characteristics and nutritional value of the bread, including the specific volume, color, texture, and antioxidant capacity. Supplementation with these two residues also gave the breads new aromas. The shelf life of the breads was increased by different levels of addition compared with the control group. For sensory evaluation, bread with a suitable content of residues was favored by consumers.

Solà Marsiñach M, Cuenca AP. The impact of sea buckthorn oil fatty acids on human health. Lipids Health Dis. 2019 Jun 22;18(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s12944-019-1065-9. 

Abstract. The beneficial properties of fatty acids have been undervalued for several years. In contraposition, new studies reveal that fatty acids have an essential role for human health. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the clinical applications of fatty acids present in sea buckthorn oil. The composition of fatty acids found in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) oil is unique for this species, presenting a vast range of health benefits for humans and therefore it is highly valued by both biomedicine and the cosmetic industry. In this way, we will see the clinical effect of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids that constitute sea buckthorn oil and how they contribute to the correct function of the organism. Despite there being studies that support the positive effects of sea buckthorn fatty acids, they are limited. Hence, most of the results obtained in this review are from studies of isolated fatty acids instead of fatty acids extracted from sea buckthorn oil. These facts permit to demonstrate the effect of sea buckthorn fatty acids separately but we lost the possibility of detecting a synergic effect of all of them. More studies are necessary to certify the clinical application of the fatty acids present in sea buckthorn oil as well as discovering possible synergies between them.

Ren QC, Li XH, Li QY, Yang HL, Wang HL, Zhang H, Zhao L, Jiang-Yong SL, Meng XL, Zhang Y, Shen XF. Total flavonoids from sea buckthorn ameliorates lipopolysaccharide/cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation. Phytother Res. 2019 Aug;33(8):2102-2117. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6404. Epub 2019 Jun 17. PMID: 31209984.

Żuchowski J, Pecio Ł, Marciniak B, Kontek R, Stochmal A. Unusual isovalerylated flavonoids from the fruit of sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides) grown in Sokółka, Poland. Phytochemistry. 2019 Jul;163:178-186. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.001. Epub 2019 Apr 3. PMID: 30952449.

Drapeau C, Benson KF, Jensen GS. Rapid and selective mobilization of specific stem cell types after consumption of a polyphenol-rich extract from sea buckthorn berries (Hippophae) in healthy human subjects. Clin Interv Aging. 2019 Feb 4;14:253-263. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S186893. 

Abstract. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract of sea buckthorn berry (SBB-PE) on the numbers of various types of adult stem cells in the blood circulation of healthy human subjects....Conclusion: Consumption of SBB-PE resulted in selective mobilization of stem cell types involved in regenerative and reparative functions. These data may contribute to the understanding of the traditional uses of SBB for preventive health, regenerative health, and postponing the aging process.