Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Marrero-Alemán G, Borrego L, González Antuña A, Macías Montes A, Pérez Luzardo O. Persistence of Isothiazolinones in Clothes After Machine Washing. Dermatitis. 2021 Sep-Oct 01;32(5):298-300. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000603. 

Abstract. Sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) is a worldwide problem. Washing machine detergents are suspected to cause cutaneous symptoms in highly sensitized patients. Little is known about the persistence of isothiazolinones in clothes that have been washed.

Bollmann UE, Fernández-Calviño D, Brandt KK, Storgaard MS, Sanderson H, Bester K. Biocide Runoff from Building Facades: Degradation Kinetics in Soil. Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Apr 4;51(7):3694-3702. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05512.

Abstract. In the present study the degradation rates in soil of 11 biocides used for the protection of building materials were determined in laboratory microcosms. 

Thomsen AV, Schwensen JF, Bossi R, Banerjee P, Giménez-Arnau E, Lepoittevin JP, Lidén C, Uter W, White IR, Johansen JD. Isothiazolinones are still widely used in paints purchased in five European countries: a follow-up study. Contact Dermatitis. 2018 Apr;78(4):246-253. doi: 10.1111/cod.12937.

Abstract. To re-evaluate the use and concentrations of methylisothiazolinone and four other isothiazolinones in water-based wall paints.

Aerts O, Meert H, Romaen E, Leysen J, Matthieu L, Apers S, Lambert J, Goossens A. Octylisothiazolinone, an additional cause of allergic contact dermatitis caused by leather: case series and potential implications for the study of cross-reactivity with methylisothiazolinone. Contact Dermatitis. 2016 Nov;75(5):276-284. doi: 10.1111/cod.12670.

Abstract.  To show sensitization to Octylisothiazolinone  from leather, and to highlight the potential implications when cross-reactivity between Octylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MI) is studied.

Russo JP, Aerts O. In vivo demonstration of immunologic cross-reactivity to octylisothiazolinone in patients primarily and strongly sensitized to methylisothiazolinone. Contact Dermatitis. 2020 Nov;83(5):391-397. doi: 10.1111/cod.13661.

Abstract. This study suggests that patients primarily and strongly sensitized to methylisothiazolinone may show immunologic cross-reactions to octylisothiazolinone, and to a far lesser extent to benzisothiazolinone .

Vega-Garcia P, Schwerd R, Scherer C, Schwitalla C, Johann S, Rommel SH, Helmreich B. Influence of façade orientation on the leaching of biocides from building façades covered with mortars and plasters. Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 10;734:139465. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139465.

Abstract. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of the façade orientation on the biocide release under real weather conditions to gain information for the development of on-site treatment systems. 

Donau SS, Bollmann UE, Wimmer R, Bester K. Aerobic dissipation of the novel cyanoacrylate fungicide phenamacril in soil and sludge incubations. Chemosphere. 2019 Oct;233:873-878. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.015.

Abstract. By performing tests on inherent degradability as well as degradation studies in soils this study provides the only published information regarding the environmental stability and degradation kinetics of this compound. 

 Bollmann UE, Ou Y, Mayer P, Trapp S, Bester K. Polyacrylate-water partitioning of biocidal compounds: enhancing the understanding of biocide partitioning between render and water. Chemosphere. 2015 Jan;119:1021-1026. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.074. 

Abstract.  In order to increase the knowledge about the partitioning of biocides from render into the water phase, partition constants between the polymer - in this case polyacrylate - and water were studied using glass fibre filters coated with polyacrylate.