Bisphenol A administered orally has immediate effects on the concentrations of glucose, insulin and peptide C (1).

Bisphenol A influenced the secretory function of intestinal goblet cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis (2).

This study shows that Bisphenol S caused endocrine disorders in the prostate of male and female gerbils in the same way as Bisphenol A (3).

Recent epidemiologic evidence has also shown that Bisphenol A (BPA) is implicated in cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity (4).

Huang T, Danaher LA, Brüschweiler BJ, Kass GEN, Merten C. Naturally occurring bisphenol F in plants used in traditional medicine. Arch Toxicol. 2019 Jun;93(6):1485-1490. doi: 10.1007/s00204-019-02442-5.  Abstract. Bisphenol F (BPF, 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol) is a bisphenol that is structurally similar to bisphenol A (BPA). In response to consumer concern towards BPA, industry has started to substitute BPA for BPF and other bisphenol analogues in the production of epoxy resins and coatings for various applications. In 2016, it was reported that commercially sold mustard contained naturally occurring BPF. Here, the existing literature was reviewed to investigate whether other natural sources of BPF among edible plants exist, including their impact on human exposure to BPF.

Gramec Skledar D, Peterlin Mašič L. Bisphenol A and its analogs: Do their metabolites have endocrine activity? Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016 Oct;47:182-199. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.014. Abstract. To evaluate the influence of metabolic reactions on endocrine activities of bisphenols, we conducted a systematic review of the literature.

Bousoumah R, Leso V, Iavicoli I, Huuskonen P, Viegas S, Porras SP, Santonen T, Frery N, Robert A, Ndaw S. Biomonitoring of occupational exposure to bisphenol A, bisphenol S and bisphenol F: A systematic review. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Aug 20;783:146905. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146905. Abstract. Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitutes bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) are endocrine disrupting chemicals widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal papers. The aim of the review was to identify occupational studies using human biomonitoring (HBM) as a tool for bisphenol exposure assessment and to characterize research gaps on the topic as part of the HBM4EU project.

References_______________________________

(1) Hagobian TA, Bird A, Stanelle S, Williams D, Schaffner A, Phelan S. Pilot Study on the Effect of Orally Administered Bisphenol A on Glucose and Insulin Response in Nonobese Adults. J Endocr Soc. 2019 Feb 8;3(3):643-654. doi: 10.1210/js.2018-00322.

(2) Zhao Z, Qu W, Wang K, Chen S, Zhang L, Wu D, Chen Z. Bisphenol A inhibits mucin 2 secretion in intestinal goblet cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Mar;111:901-908. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.007.

(3) Silva JPA, Ramos JG, Campos MS, da Silva Lima D, de Azevedo Brito PV, Mendes EP, Taboga SR, Biancardi MF, Ghedini PC, Santos FCA. Bisphenol-S promotes endocrine-disrupting effects similar to those promoted by bisphenol-A in the prostate of adult gerbils. Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Apr;85:83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.009. 

(4) Moon MK. Concern about the Safety of Bisphenol A Substitutes. Diabetes Metab J. 2019 Feb;43(1):46-48. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0027.