"Descrizione" by AColumn (9309 pt) | 2024-Aug-25 16:05 |
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L'Arnica montana L. comunemente conosciuta come Arnica di Montagna, è un'erba perenne originaria delle regioni montuose dell'Europa e del Nord America. È rinomata per i suoi fiori gialli brillanti e il suo utilizzo tradizionale in medicina erboristica per le proprietà anti-infiammatorie e analgesiche. Arnica montana prospera in ambienti ad alta quota ed è spesso trovata in prati e pendii erbosi.
Classificazione Botanica:
Caratteristiche della Pianta: Arnica montana è caratterizzata da:
Composizione Chimica e Struttura: La composizione chimica di Arnica montana include:
Usi e Benefici:
Funzioni INCI:
Agente condizionante della pelle. Rappresenta il perno del trattamento topico della pelle in quanto ha la funzione di ripristinare, aumentare o migliorare la tolleranza cutanea a fattori esterni, compresa la tolleranza dei melanociti. La funzione più importante dell'agente condizionante è prevenire la disidratazione della pelle, ma il tema è piuttosto complesso e coinvolge emollienti ed umettanti che possono essere aggiunti nella formulazione.
68990-11-4
EC number 273-579-2
Applicazioni:
Considerazioni Ambientali e di Sicurezza:
Studi
Esercita attività antiossidante (1), antibatterica (2), antinfiammatoria (3), antifungina (4).
Questo studio richiama l'attenzione dell'uso dell'Arnica montana come alternativa alle sostanze chimiche:"Gli antibatterici chimici e vegetali per il trattamento di gengiviti e parodontiti nella fase iniziale dovrebbero essere utilizzati in combinazione tra i loro diversi meccanismi d'azione. I principi attivi di origine vegetale per la cura orale potrebbero sostituire le sostanze chimiche tossiche a causa di molteplici modalità di effetti positivi" (5).
Bibliografia_____________________________________________
(1) Gawlik-Dziki, U., Swieca, M., Sugier, D., & Cichocka, J. (2009). Seeds of Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis as a potential source of natural antioxidants. Herba Pol, 55(1), 60-71.
Abstract. Arnica sp. infusions and tinctures play a great role in the traditional and contemporary medicine. Seeds of plantation-grown Arnica montana L. (AM) and Arnica chamissonis var. foliosa Less. (AC) are a good source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. In both studied genera higher levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected in water extracts. Regardless of plant genus, predominant fractions of phenolics were determined in seeds, comprising chlorogenic, caffeic acid, quercetin and kaempferol. All samples show high antioxidant activity, however, their levels depend on the extraction procedure and used material. The free radicals were scavenged most effectively by extracts of AC seeds (30.3% – SASA, 31.3% – DPPH and 39.8% – ABTS, respectively). It should be noted that lipid peroxidation was strongly inhibited by both studied tinctures. It is noteworthy that studied samples show positive correlations between inhibition of lipid peroxidation ability and total flavonoids and phenolic acids content (r=0.89 and r=0.83, respectively). Results obtained from this study show that Arnica seeds extract, either alone or in combination with other active principles, can be used in cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
(2) Clauser M, Aiello N, Scartezzini F, Innocenti G, Dall'Acqua S. Differences in the chemical composition of Arnica montana flowers from wild populations of north Italy. Nat Prod Commun. 2014 Jan;9(1):3-6. PMID: 24660447.
Abstract. The flower heads of fourteen wild Arnica montana L. populations were collected in the summer of 2010 in the provinces of Trento, Brescia and Bergamo (Italy). The dried flowers were analyzed to assess their chemical diversity. HLPC-MS analysis led to the identification of phenolic derivatives and sesquiterpene lactones in the samples, confirming literature data. Quali-quantitative analysis of the flower heads showed similar qualitative patterns both for the phenolic as well as sesquiterpene lactone derivatives, while significant variability was obtained in the amounts (HPLC-DAD) of sesquiterpene lactones (0.45-2.31%), phenolic acids (1.44-2.88%) and flavonoids (0.96-2.44%). The highest quantities of sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids and phenolic acids were found in Malga Fregasoga (1703 m above sea level), Rifugio Camini (1608 m a.s.l.) and Malga Sass (1817 m a.s.l.) samples, respectively.
(3) Kowalski, R., Sugier, D., Sugier, P., & Kołodziej, B. (2015). Evaluation of the chemical composition of essential oils with respect to the maturity of flower heads of Arnica montana L. and Arnica chamissonis Less. cultivated for industry. Industrial Crops and Products, 76, 857-865.
Abstract. The aim of the studies was to evaluate the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from different mature flower heads of Arnica montana L. and Arnica chamissonis Less. cultivated for industry. The impact of different stages of flower development on the quantity and chemical composition of volatile oils of Arnica montana L. and Arnica chamissonis Less. in eastern Poland were studied. The flower heads were harvested in four different development phases and the chemical composition of essential oils was investigated by GC/MS. Fifty compounds in the case of A. montana and 62 components in the case of A. chamissonis constitued over 90% of the total oil content. In the case of the two plant species studied, the flower head maturity determined the quantity and chemical composition of oils. The content of volatile oils in flower heads of A. montana was in the range from 0.158% to 0.195% and in A. chamissonis from 0.137% to 0.194%. The highest content of volatile oils in the flower heads of the two plant species studied was noted in the full flowering phase, when ligulate florets were opened, and up to half of the disc of tubular florets were opened. Differences in the volatile oil content were noted between the species studied only in the stage of yellow buds, whereas in the other stages the contents were similar. E-caryophyllene, alpha-pinene, isopropyl hexadecanoate, farnesyl acetate, alpha-cis-bergamotene, and decanal are the main components that determined the oil chemical differentiation. Generally, higher amounts of E-caryophyllene, farnesyl acetate, and germacrene D were detected in the flower heads of A. montana in relation to A. chamissonis. Among the main volatile oil components, isopropyl hexadecanoate and alpha-pinene were present only in the flower heads of A. chamissonis, while alpha-cis-bergamotene was only noted in A. montana. The investigations of A. montana volatile oils in the flower heads have shown the existence the differences in the chemical profile in relation to other European populations of this species.
(4) Kriplani P, Guarve K, Baghael US. Arnica montana L. - a plant of healing: review. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Aug;69(8):925-945. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12724. Epub 2017 Apr 11. PMID: 28401567.
(5) Kharaeva ZF, Mustafaev MS, Khazhmetov AV, Gazaev IH, Blieva LZ, Steiner L, Mayer W, Luca C, Korkina LG. Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Toothpaste with Swiss Medicinal Herbs towards Patients Suffering from Gingivitis and Initial Stage of Periodontitis: from Clinical Efficacy to Mechanisms. Dent J (Basel). 2020 Jan 15;8(1):10. doi: 10.3390/dj8010010. PMID: 31952199; PMCID: PMC7148460.
Abstract. Objective: To distinguish clinical effects and mechanisms of sodium monofluorophosphate plus xylitol and herbal extracts of Swiss medicinal plants (Chamomilla recutita, Arnica montana, Echinacea purpurea, and Salvia officinalis). ....Conclusions: Chemical and plant-derived anti-bacterials to treat gingivitis and periodontitis at the initial stage should be used in combination amid their different mechanisms of action. Plant-derived actives for oral care could substitute toxic chemicals due to multiple modes of positive effects.
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