Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Scodellaro, S., Rossi, C., Vertuani, S., & Manfredini, S. Studio di efficacia di sistemi conservanti non convenzionali in emulsioni cosmetiche.

Abstract....La miscela Glycerin, Aqua, Sodium Levulinate, Sodium Anisate nel complesso presenta elevate attività contro batteri Gram+, batteri Gram-, muffe e lieviti e può essere usata come conservante stand-alone in una formulazione cosmetica.---

Lee Ye-ji, Seo Jae-yong, Yang Hyun-kap, Lee Lee Kyung-kyung, Baek Sol-bi, Cho Hyun-hyeon e Chung No-hee. (2022). Improving the antifungal power of acid formulations on cosmetics. Journal of the Korean Cosmetics Society (J. Soc. Cosmet. Science Corea),, 48(2), 135-146.

Abstract. In order to prevent microbial contamination and safely use cosmetics, it is essential to possess preservative power. In this study, the antifungal effect was confirmed by improving the preservative system of the aqueous dispersion formulation, which has a weak preservative power against fungi, and various preservative systems were established to strengthen the preservative power against fungi. Five kinds of raw materials (sodium anisate, p-anisic acid, caprylhydroxamic acid, o-cymen-5-ol, hydroxyacetophenone) that have a benzene ring structure having a hydroxyl group and exist as protonated form in cosmetic formulations expected to improve antifungal activity in cosmetics were selected, and the minimum growth inhibitory concentration of the raw materials was determined through MIC assay. It was confirmed that the preservative power against mold was improved through the preservative efficacy test of 4 types of water dispersion formulations (cream, lotion, toner, and sun cream) in which 4 types of raw materials showing antimicrobial activity against mold were added to the preservative system. When p-anisic acid was used, it was confirmed that the preservative activity against mold was strengthened without the effect of inhibiting the preservative power against bacteria and yeast in all four formulations.

Robinson, R., & Venkataraman, K. (1926). CCCXI.—A synthesis of acacetin and certain other derivatives of flavone. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), 129, 2344-2348.

Abstract. … The condensation of phloracetophenone (5 g.) with anisic anhydride (50 g.) in presence of sodium anisate (6 g.) and the subsequent hydrolysis were carried out as in the case last ...

Nageswara Sastri, V. D., & Seshadri, T. R. (1946). Synthesis of 5: 6: 7-hydroxyflavones and their derivatives-Part II. In Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section A (Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 273-277). Indian Academy of Sciences.

Abstract....An intimate mixture of the dihydroxyacetophenone (I,2 g), anisic anhydride (12 g) and sodium anisate was heated under deminished pressure at 180-85° (oil-bath) for 6 hours....

Weber, N., Biehler, K., Schwabe, K., Haarhaus, B., Quirin, K. W., Frank, U., ... & Wölfle, U. (2019). Hop extract acts as an antioxidant with antimicrobial effects against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules, 24(2), 223.

Abstract. ...In order to test if the hop extract is also effective in a topical gel preparation, an agar diffusion test was performed. 0.3% hop extract was used in the botanical gel, together with other botanical actives, that is, salicylic acid, Salix daphnoides bark extract, Gentiana lutea root extract, Leptospermum scoparium branch/leaf oil (Manuka oil), Mentha arvensis herb oil and the preservatives sodium levulinate and sodium anisate....

Devillier, P., Advenier, C., Drapeau, G., Marsac, J., & Regoli, D. (1988). Comparison of the effects of epithelium removal and of an enkephalinase inhibitor on the neurokinin‐induced contractions of guinea‐pig isolated trachea. British journal of pharmacology, 94(3), 675-684.

Seiwerth, J., Tasiopoulou, G., Hoffmann, J., Wölfle, U., Schwabe, K., Quirin, K. W., & Schempp, C. M. (2019). Anti-inflammatory effect of a novel topical herbal composition (VEL-091604) consisting of gentian root, licorice root and willow bark extract. Planta Medica, 85(07), 608-614.