Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Das Neves, A. O. C., Melo, T. A., Nunes, M. B., & Romano, C. C. (2020). Effect of saccharin sodium and the sodium cyclamate on human cells treated with lactobacillus plantarum lp62. Food & Nutrition Journal.

Abstract. The commercial sweeteners have been suggested for diabetics and people who need to lose weight. Its use has grown on a global scale, as well as health problems related to it. Despite their discovery over a hundred years, suspicion and uncertainty remain giving rise to numerous discussions on the safety of human health. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of saccharin and cyclamate sodic on the viability of human cells, as well as the possible protective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LP62 on cells treated with the sweeteners. We found that human cells exposed to high concentrations of sweeteners reduced their viability, with cyclamate being more harmful than saccharin. The results show the efficacy of lactobacilli in reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines in human cells in the presence of a sweetener, especially in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thus, we indicate the LP62 as a promising probiotic candidate and emphasize the need for greater scientific investment in this area of knowledge in order to better clarify the effect of sweeteners on human cells and microorganisms and for understanding of the combination thereof.

Shen T, Li J. Drinking Non-nutritive Sweetness Solution of Sodium Saccharin or Rebaudioside a for Guinea Pigs: Influence on Histologic Change and Expression of Sweet Taste Receptors in Testis and Epididymis. Front Nutr. 2021 Aug 5;8:720889. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.720889.

Abstract. Saccharin sodium and rebaudioside A are extensively used as non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) in daily life. NNSs elicit a multitude of endocrine influences on animals, differing across species and chemically distinct sweeteners, whose exposure induce activation of sweet taste receptors in oral and extra-oral tissues with consequences of metabolic changes.

Saito J, Nadatani N, Setoguchi M, Nakao M, Kimura H, Sameshima M, Kobayashi K, Matsumoto H, Yoshikawa N, Yokoyama T, Takahashi H, Suenaga M, Watanabe R, Imai K, Obara M, Hashimoto M, Yamamoto K, Fujiwara N, Sakata W, Nagai H, Enokihara T, Katayama S, Takahashi Y, Araki M, Iino K, Akiyama N, Katsu H, Fushimi K, Takeda T, Torimoto M, Kishi R, Mitsuya N, Kihara R, Hasegawa Y, Hamada Y, Kimura T, Wada M, Tanzawa A, Yamatani A. Potentially harmful excipients in neonatal medications: a multicenter nationwide observational study in Japan. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2021 Jul 1;7(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s40780-021-00208-9.

Abstract. Background: A multicenter investigation of neonate exposure to potentially harmful excipients (PHEs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan has not been conducted. Methods: A multicenter nationwide observational study was conducted. Neonate patient demographic data and information on all medicines prescribed and administered during hospitalization on 1 day between November 2019 and March 2021 were extracted from the medical records. Nine PHEs, paraben, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, benzoates, saccharin sodium, sorbitol, ethanol, benzalkonium chloride, and aspartame, were selected. PHEs were identified from the package insert and the Interview Form. The quantitative daily exposure was calculated if quantitative data were available for each product containing the PHE.

Williams, R. A. (1970). Human detectability thresholds for saccharin, sodium saccharin, and sodium chloride. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 70(1p1), 113.

Abstract. The detectability threshold was defined as the concentration which was reported as "different" from water 50% of the time. The average thresholds, with little between-S variability, were: saccharin, 1.6 * 10-5 M; sodium saccharin, 2 * 10-5 M; and NaCl, 2.2 * 10-3 M. 

Cooney, D. O. (1977). Saccharin sodium as a potential sweetener for antidotal charcoal. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 34(12), 1342-1344.

Abstract. This study explored if saccharin sodium, as a sweetener in activated charcoal formulations, would be sufficiently available to provide sweetness while not severely reducing charcoal’s adsorption capacity.

Kumar Das, M., Hao, R., Srikaen, E., Thueploy, A., Limpanart, S., Boonyongmaneerat, Y., & Qin, J. Q. (2015). Effect of saccharin sodium on the microstructure and hardness of electrodeposited Ni-W coatings. In Key Engineering Materials (Vol. 659, pp. 535-539). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.

Abstract. Nickel-tungsten alloy were fabricated by electrodeposition on carbon steel. The influences of saccharin sodium on the coatings were analyzed using XRD, SEM, and hardness tester. This study reveals that the presence of saccharine sodium has a profound impact on the morphology of the coatings. Moreover, the addition of saccharine sodium tends to enhance the tungsten content in the coatings along with hardness and the grain size of the deposits.