The coffee plant (Coffea, family Rubiaceae) is a rather small evergreen and has origins in Africa, but is grown intensively in South America.

Some climatic factors are of great importance for the cultivation of coffee and are:

Temperature that must be between 23 ° and 28 °
Rain that must fall within the parameters between 1500 and 2000 mm.
The species are basically two:

• Arabica (Coffea arabica) cultivated in South America. 60% of world production.
• Robusta (Coffea canephora) cultivated in Africa.

  There are about 130 different species belonging to the genus Coffea and, in addition to the two important species, cited above, there are also Coffea iberica, Coffea dewevrei and Coffea racemosa, locally cultivated.

Chemical composition of beans (1)

• Amino acids: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid (aspartate), cysteine, glutamic acid (glutamate), glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, hydroxyproline, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sucrose, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine. Asparagine and sucrose were the most abundant amino acid.
• Organic acids: Citric acid and Malic acid
• Phenolic acids (2) : Chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid
• Alcaloids: Caffein
• Tepenoids: The characteristic aroma of coffee is due to α-2-furfurylthiol, 4-vinylguaiacol, some alkyl tnd 3-methylbutane yrosine derivatives, furanones, acetaldehyde, propanal, methylpropanal, and 2- acontent (3)

"Coffee, healthy aspects"

References_____________________________________________________________________

(1) Casas MI, Vaughan MJ, Bonello P, McSpadden Gardener B, Grotewold E, Alonso AP. Identification of biochemical features of defective Coffea arabica L. beans.  Food Res Int. 2017 May;95:59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.015. 

(2) Affonso RC, Voytena AP, Fanan S, Pitz H, Coelho DS, Horstmann AL, Pereira A, Uarrota VG, Hillmann MC, Varela LA, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM, Maraschin M.  Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and the Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Bean Residual Press Cake on the Skin Wound Healing. -  Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1923754. Epub 2016 Nov 14.

(3) R.A. Buffo, C.C. Freire  -  Coffee flavour: an overview  -  Flavour Frag J, 19 (2004), pp. 99-104

(4) Patay ÉB, Bencsik T, Papp N.  - Phytochemical overview and medicinal importance of Coffea species from the past until now.  -   Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2016 Dec;9(12):1127-1135. doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.11.008.