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 | "Descrizione" by A_Partyns (12876 pt) | 2022-Oct-09 11:28 |
| Evaluation | N. Experts | Evaluation | N. Experts |
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| 2 | 7 | ||
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Salicylic acid is a compound that occurs naturally throughout the plant kingdom and is produced industrially by chemical means from the bark of the white willow tree.
It appears in the form of a white powder that is poorly soluble in water and oil, and soluble in glycols and alcohol.
What it is used for and where
It is an aromatic acid and natural plant phenolic regulator and a metabolite of phenylalanine.
It was discovered in 1830 in an experiment on salicylin. It is one of the components of Aspirin and an aetiological agent in aspirin teratogenesis in animals.
Medical
It is an anti-inflammatory drug and is used as a disinfectant, antiseptic and antipyretic. It is effective in treating less severe cases of acne vulgaris i.e. mild to moderate acne (1).
In the 1960s it was used in canned food as a preservative but European legislation has long since banned its use due to certain contraindications such as stomach irritation and others. The safe alternative today is sorbic acid.
Cosmetics
Used in cosmetic formulations as a skin conditioning agent, hair conditioning agent and denaturant. It also has the function of improving the percutaneous penetration of certain agents such as vitamin A and is a preservative agent commonly included in skin creams and other personal care products to inhibit the growth of microorganisms (2).
Safety
In 2003, the Expert Panel for the Review of Cosmetic Ingredients deemed salicylic acid safe when used when formulated to avoid skin irritation and when formulated to avoid increasing the skin's sensitivity to the sun, or, when one would expect increased sensitivity to the sun, the instructions for use include daily use of sunscreen (3).
Typical commercial product characteristics Salicylic acid
| Appearance | White powder |
| Boiling Point | 336.3±0.0°C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 158-161°C |
| Flash Point | 144.5±19.1°C |
| Density | 1.4±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C |
| Vapor Density | 4.8 |
| Refraction Index | 1.616 |
| PSA | 57.53000 |
| LogP | 2.06 |
| Water Solubility | 1.8 g/L |
| Phenol | ≤0.02% |
| Impurities | ≤0.03% |
| 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid | ≤0.05% |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | ≤0.1% |
| Heavy metals | ≤20ppm |
| Sulfate | ≤200ppm |
| Chloride | ≤100ppm |
| Loss on drying | ≤0.4% |
| Sulphated ash | ≤0.050% |
| Chemical Risk |  |
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Synonyms:
References______________________________________________________________________
(1) Eichenfield DZ, Sprague J, Eichenfield LF. Management of Acne Vulgaris: A Review. JAMA. 2021 Nov 23;326(20):2055-2067. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.17633.
Sarkar R, Ghunawat S, Garg VK. Comparative Study of 35% Glycolic Acid, 20% Salicylic-10% Mandelic Acid, and Phytic Acid Combination Peels in the Treatment of Active Acne and Postacne Pigmentation. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2019 Jul-Sep;12(3):158-163. doi: 10.4103/JCAS.JCAS_135_18.
(2) Rastogi SC. Analytical control of preservative labelling on skin creams. Contact Dermatitis. 2000 Dec;43(6):339-43. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.043006339.x.
(3) Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. Safety assessment of Salicylic Acid, Butyloctyl Salicylate, Calcium Salicylate, C12-15 Alkyl Salicylate, Capryloyl Salicylic Acid, Hexyldodecyl Salicylate, Isocetyl Salicylate, Isodecyl Salicylate, Magnesium Salicylate, MEA-Salicylate, Ethylhexyl Salicylate, Potassium Salicylate, Methyl Salicylate, Myristyl Salicylate, Sodium Salicylate, TEA-Salicylate, and Tridecyl Salicylate. Int J Toxicol. 2003;22 Suppl 3:1-108.
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