Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Boldyrev AA, Aldini G, Derave W. Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine. Physiol Rev. 2013 Oct;93(4):1803-45. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2012.

Boldyrev AA. Carnosine: new concept for the function of an old molecule. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2012 Apr;77(4):313-26. doi: 10.1134/S0006297912040013.

Chmielewska K, Dzierzbicka K, Inkielewicz-Stępniak I, Przybyłowska M. Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine and Its Derivatives in the Treatment of Human Diseases. Chem Res Toxicol. 2020 Jul 20;33(7):1561-1578. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00010.

Lopachev AV, Kazanskaya RB, Khutorova AV, Fedorova TN. An overview of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in severe cases of COVID-19 infection, and the proposal of salicyl-carnosine as a potential drug for its treatment. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Nov 5;886:173457. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173457.

 Bozko M, Drozak J, Malek NP, Bozko P. Dysregulation of Carnosine Metabolism in Progression of Diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(11):1713. doi: 10.2174/092986732711200423112140.

Sale C, Artioli GG, Gualano B, Saunders B, Hobson RM, Harris RC. Carnosine: from exercise performance to health. Amino Acids. 2013 Jun;44(6):1477-91. doi: 10.1007/s00726-013-1476-2.

Hipkiss AR. Carnosine and its possible roles in nutrition and health. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2009;57:87-154. doi: 10.1016/S1043-4526(09)57003-9. 

Bellia F, Vecchio G, Rizzarelli E. Carnosine derivatives: new multifunctional drug-like molecules. Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):153-63. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-1178-6.

Guiotto A, Calderan A, Ruzza P, Borin G. Carnosine and carnosine-related antioxidants: a review. Curr Med Chem. 2005;12(20):2293-315. doi: 10.2174/0929867054864796.

Kim ES, Kim D, Nyberg S, Poma A, Cecchin D, Jain SA, Kim KA, Shin YJ, Kim EH, Kim M, Baek SH, Kim JK, Doeppner TR, Ali A, Redgrave J, Battaglia G, Majid A, Bae ON. LRP-1 functionalized polymersomes enhance the efficacy of carnosine in experimental stroke. Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 20;10(1):699. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57685-5.