Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Wang H, Xia B, Lin M, Wang Y, Sun B, Li Y. Succinic acid inhibits the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):1150-1155. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1839110. 

Abstract. Succinic acid showed in vitro inhibitory effects on the activity of CYP3A4, 2D6, and 2C9, which indicated the potential drug-drug interactions.

Shinno-Hashimoto H, Hashimoto Y, Wei Y, Chang L, Fujita Y, Ishima T, Matsue H, Hashimoto K. Abnormal composition of microbiota in the gut and skin of imiquimod-treated mice. Sci Rep. 2021 May 28;11(1):11265. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90480-4. 

Abstract. Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease. Although the precise etiology of psoriasis remains unclear, gut-microbiota axis might play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Here we investigated whether the composition of microbiota in the intestine and skin is altered in the imiquimod (IMQ)-treated mouse model of psoriasis.

Nissen MD, Lau ETL, Cabot PJ, Steadman KJ. Baltic amber teething necklaces: could succinic acid leaching from beads provide anti-inflammatory effects? BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Jul 5;19(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s12906-019-2574-9. 

Abstract.  Baltic amber teething necklaces have been popularized as a safe and natural alternative to conventional or pharmacological medicines for the management of teething pain. However, claims made by retailers regarding the efficacy and mechanism of action of these necklaces lack scientific or clinical basis. The claim most closely resembling science is the assertion that succinic acid will leach out of the beads and through the skin of the wearer and carry out anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The objective of the current research is to scientifically assess this claim.

Bondar OV, Sagitova AV, Badeev YV, Shtyrlin YG, Abdullin TI. Conjugation of succinic acid to non-ionogenic amphiphilic polymers modulates their interaction with cell plasma membrane and reduces cytotoxic activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2013 Sep 1;109:204-11. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.051.

Abstract. Pluronic block copolymers L61 and L121 were reacted with succinic anhydride to produce, respectively, their mono- and bisderivatives with succinic acid. The critical micelle concentration of Pluronics decreased after modification. 

Ertugrul B, Iplik ES, Cakmakoglu B. In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Succinic Acid on T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines. Arch Med Res. 2021 Apr;52(3):270-276. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.022.

Abstract. This study aimed to investigate whether succinic acid show anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of on  lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines.

Neves-Petersen MT, Klitgaard S, Skovsen E, Petersen SB, Tømmeraas K, Schwach-Abdellaoui K. Biophysical properties of phenyl succinic acid derivatised hyaluronic acid. J Fluoresc. 2010 Mar;20(2):483-92. doi: 10.1007/s10895-009-0570-z..

Abstract. Modification of hyaluronic acid (HA) with aryl succinic anhydrides results in new biomedical properties of HA as compared to non-modified HA, such as more efficient skin penetration, stronger binding to the skin, and the ability to blend with hydrophobic materials. In the present study, hyaluronic acid has been derivatised with the anhydride form of phenyl succinic acid (PheSA).

Janni, D. S., Rajput, G., Pandya, N., Subramanyam, G., & Varade, D. (2021). Interfacial properties of novel surfactants based on maleic and succinic acid for potential application in personal care. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 342, 117484.

Abstract. Hemiesters and Hemiamides of maleic and succinic acid viz. sodium lauryl succinate (C12SE), sodium lauryl maleate (C12ME), sodium lauryl succinamide (C12SA), sodium lauryl maleamide (C12MA), sodium hexadecyl succinate (C16SE) and sodium hexadecyl maleate (C16ME) were synthesized and investigated as surfactants in the pure water and aqueous hydrotrope [sodium p-toluene sulfonate (NaPTs)] solution.