Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Haisma EM, Göblyös A, Ravensbergen B, Adriaans AE, Cordfunke RA, Schrumpf J, Limpens RW, Schimmel KJ, den Hartigh J, Hiemstra PS, Drijfhout JW, El Ghalbzouri A, Nibbering PH. Antimicrobial Peptide P60.4Ac-Containing Creams and Gel for Eradication of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Cultured Skin and Airway Epithelial Surfaces. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Jun 20;60(7):4063-72. doi: 10.1128/AAC.03001-15.

Abstract. The goal of this study was to identify the preferred carrier for this peptide for topical application on skin and mucosal surfaces.

Kazmi SJ, Mitchell AG. Preservation of solubilized and emulsified systems II: Theoretical development of capacity and its role in antimicrobial activity of chlorocresol in cetomacrogol-stabilized systems. J Pharm Sci. 1978 Sep;67(9):1266-71. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600670920. 

Abstract. The preservation of solublized and emulsified disperse systems against microbial spoilage depends on the free (unbound) preservative concentration in the aqueous phase and the capacity of the system. The capacity may be defined as the system's ability to resist losses in free preservative concentration.

Tran HH, Nguyen TH, Tran TT, Vu HD, Nguyen HMT. Structures, Electronic Properties, and Interactions of Cetyl Alcohol with Cetomacrogol and Water: Insights from Quantum Chemical Calculations and Experimental Investigations. ACS Omega. 2021 Aug 3;6(32):20975-20983. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02439.

Abstract. The complexes of cetyl alcohol, cetomacrogol-1000, and water were successfully synthesized. The complexes were characterized by freeze-drying scanning electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD), and ultra-SAXD. Furthermore, structures, electronic properties (the HOMO-LUMO gap, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, hardness, softness, dipole moment, and polarizability), and Raman spectra of cetyl alcohol, cetomacrogol-1000, and their binary and ternary complexes with water were also studied using density functional theory.

van Heugten AJ, Braal CL, Versluijs-Helder M, Vromans H. The influence of cetomacrogol ointment processing on structure: A definitive screening design. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017 Mar 1;99:279-284. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.029.

Abstract. Batch-to-batch variability is a challenge for the industrial scale production of ointments. Therefore the current investigation focussed on identifying and understanding critical process parameters (CPPs) for cetomacrogol ointment. 

Eccleston GM. Structure and rheology of cetomacrogol creams: the influence of alcohol chain length and homologue composition. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1977 Mar;29(3):157-62. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1977.tb11274.x.

Abstract. Liquid paraffin-in-water emulsions prepared with cetomacrogol 1000 and alcohols cetostearyl (A), cetyl (B), steryl (C) and myristyl (D) were examined by microscopical, particle size analytical and rheological (continuous shear, small strain creep, and oscillation) techniques at 25 degrees as they aged over 30 days

Brown TL, Petrovski S, Dyson ZA, Seviour R, Tucci J. The Formulation of Bacteriophage in a Semi Solid Preparation for Control of Propionibacterium acnes Growth. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 10;11(3):e0151184. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151184. 

Abstract.  Using standard phage isolation techniques, ten phage capable of lysing P. acnes were isolated from human skin microflora. Their genomes showed high homology to previously reported P. acnes phage. These phage were formulated into cetomacrogol cream aqueous at a concentration of 2.5x108 PFU per gram, and shown to lyse underlying P. acnes cells grown as lawn cultures.

van Heugten AJP, Vromans H. Scale up of Semisolid Dosage Forms Manufacturing Based on Process Understanding: from Lab to Industrial Scale. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2018 Jul;19(5):2330-2334. doi: 10.1208/s12249-018-1063-7. 

Abstract.  Using a quality by design approach, upscaling can be based on the design space, which can be assessed on a small scale. In a previous study, the critical process parameters were identified by a definitive screening design on cetomacrogol ointment. In the current study, this lab scale (0.5 kg) study was scaled up to industrial scale (2000 kg, filling 100g tubes at 75 tubes/min). 

Braithwaite I, Hunt A, Riley J, Fingleton J, Kocks J, Corin A, Helm C, Sheahan D, Tofield C, Montgomery B, Holliday M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Randomised controlled trial of topical kanuka honey for the treatment of rosacea. BMJ Open. 2015 Jun 24;5(6):e007651. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007651. 

Abstract. To investigate the efficacy of topical 90% medical-grade kanuka honey and 10% glycerine (Honevo) as a treatment for rosacea....Participants were randomly allocated 1:1 to Honevo or control cream (Cetomacrogol), applied twice daily for 8 weeks....