Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Ferreira, M. S., Magalhães, M. C., Sousa-Lobo, J. M., & Almeida, I. F. (2020). Trending anti-aging peptides. Cosmetics, 7(4), 91.

Abstract. Peptides are known to have diverse biological roles, most prominently as signaling/regulatory molecules in a broad variety of physiological processes including defense, immunity,  stress, growth, homeostasis and reproduction. These aspects have been used in the field of dermatology and cosmetology to produce short, stable and synthetic peptides for extracellular matrix synthesis, pigmentation, innate immunity and inflammation.

Subongkot, T. (2017) (ANTI-DARK CIRCLE EYE AND ANTI-BAG EYE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS). Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12(1), 63-76.

Abstract. The skin around the eyes is thinner than other areas of the body. This causes easy changes in skin tone. Dark circles around the eyes can occur for a number of reasons, such as the accumulation of pigments, including heme, bilirubin and iron in the skin layer. Dark circles around the eyes can also be caused by a disturbance of melanin synthesis in the skin. Eye bags are formed by the accumulation of plasma in the skin, as a result of which there is increased permeability of the blood vessels. Therefore, important substances have been invented to be mixed in cosmetics to reduce dark circles around the eyes, including chrysin, algae extract, fucan, galactin instead of vitamin K and plant extract, with different mechanisms of action, including chrysin, which can stimulate the formation of enzymes used to break down bilirubin.

Springer Medizin. (2018). Regenerierende Anti-Aging-Pflege mit Tiefenwirkung. ästhetische dermatologie & kosmetologie, 10(1), 47-47.

Abstract. The regenerating Chrono retare anti-aging eye care was specially developed for use on dark circles and puffy eyelids. With the active ingredients caffeine and acetyl tetrapeptide-5, it has both stimulating and decongestant effects on the eye area. Darutoside stimulates collagen synthesis and hyaluronic acid reduces dryness lines. The special texture leaves the skin feeling nourished and mattified and provides a good base for eye make-up. The fragrance-free anti-aging eye care is available since 2 January 2018.

Octavia, D. A., Georgeta-Maria, S., & Cristina, D. Implementation of mexametry in periorbital hyperpigmentations studies. Your hosts Macedonian Pharmaceutical Association and Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 351.

Abstract. Usually known as Periorbital Hyperpigmentation (POH), this deficiency seems to have in literature many other denominations, such as: Idiopatic Cutaneous Hyperchromia in the Orbital Region, Infraorbital dark circles, Cutaneous idiopatic hypercromia of the orbital region or Periorbital melanosis. The lack of a unique denomination should not be a serious problem, but behind these inconsistencies are usually some different approaches concerning the ethiopathogeny, as well as the targeted pathogenic treatment by default.....The chemicals used in this study were of high purity grade. Acetyl tetrapeptide-5 (trade name EYESERY®).

Puviani, M., Eisendle, K., & Milani, M. (2020). Anti-wrinkle efficacy of a melatonin-based eye contour balm: An antera 3D prospective 2-month pilot trial. J. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. Res, 11, 534.

Abstract.  A new eye-contour balm product containing melatnin 0.1%, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) butter, a tetrapeptide and hyaluronic acid has been recently developed. So far, no objective data are available regarding the anti-wrinkle effect of topical melatonin in the eye contour area. We performed an open, prospective, 2-month, trial in 20 women (mean age 52 years) with mild-to-moderate wrinkle in the eye-contour area.