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 | "Descrizione" by CarPas (5225 pt) | 2022-Dec-24 21:18 |
| Evaluation | N. Experts | Evaluation | N. Experts |
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Serine is a non-essential polar amino acid present in the human body and important in many proteins. It is synthesised by the body and is involved in the metabolism of fats and fatty acids and in muscle growth while maintaining a healthy immune system.
is the α-hydroxymethyl-substituted amino acid of proteins. Amino acids play a key metabolic function in the human body and are constituents of proteins.
As food additives they perform different functions: preservatives, flavour enhancers, food supplements and more.
Amino acids together with their salts are used in cosmetics as conditioning agents for both hair and skin (e.g. as moisturisers and other similar functions). Moisturisers are different in nature: the best are the natural ones that exploit the mechanism of integration between the ingredient and the skin by moisturising the horny hydrolipid film, i.e. the thin protective layer that covers the epidermis protecting it from harmful external microbes, keeping the skin moisturised and supple and its pH or acidity value between 4 and 6. Then there are the occlusive moisturisers, usually derived from petroleum (Paraffinum, Paraffinum liquidum and others), but also triglycerides, lanolin oil, natural or synthetic waxes, fatty acid esters and others that create an artificial occlusive layer on the stratum corneum of the skin with the advantage of accelerating the protective process but with the disadvantage of preventing the skin's natural transpiration.
α-amino acids that have similar physical structures undergo similar changes with regard to solubility in water/ethanol mixtures, and technologies to separate α-amino acids from industrial residues, which may not even be innocuous, are constantly being improved. However, many data on the solubility in water-ethanol and ethanol of some α-amino acids are contradictory or even lacking, and the effects of ethanol on the solubility of amino acids may be different. Overall, the scientific literature considers that α-amino acids do not pose significant problems for human health when taken orally, except in people with certain genetic diseases.
Food safety: amino acid α generally considered safe.
Cosmetic safety: amino acid α generally considered safe when formulated to be non-irritant.
In commercial products, especially cosmetics, it is usually used to replace Serine, L-Serine. It is a proteinogenic, aliphatically neutral amino acid essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylserine, the membrane of brain cells. It has the function of maintaining a healthy immune system through the production of antibodies and immune haemoglobin.
It occurs as a white crystalline powder, sweetish taste, soluble in water and acid, insoluble in alcohol and ether.
What it is used for and where
Medical
Serine is used as a dietary supplement to help improve memory function.
L-serine is an essential amino acid for the survival of neurons and is essential for brain development (1) and can be taken up from food, from glycine, via the phosphorylated pathway
D-serine is found in the adult brain and particularly present in forebrain regions where it acts as a glycine co-agonist of NMDA receptors.
Cosmetics
Nourishing agent, assisting in the production of new skin cells with a moisturising function. Can be made into liposomes with phospholipids and mixed with other active ingredients for a better moisturising effect.
Typical commercial product characteristics L-serine
| Appearance | White powdre |
| Boiling Point | 394.8±32.0°C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 222°C |
| Flash Point | 192.6±25.1°C |
| Density | 1.6 |
| Loss on drying | ≤0.20% |
| Residue on ignition | ≤0.10% |
| Chloride | ≤0.02% |
| Ammonium | ≤0.02% |
| Sulfate | ≤0.03% |
| Iron | ≤10PPM |
| Lead | ≤10PPM |
| Arsenic | ≤1PPM |
| Total impurities | ≤0.5% |
| PSA | 83.55000 |
| LogP | -1.58 |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C |
| Refraction Index | 1.519 |
| Water Solubility | 250 g/L (20 ºC) |
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Synonyms
References______________________________________________________________________
(1) Hirabayashi Y, Furuya S. Roles of l-serine and sphingolipid synthesis in brain development and neuronal survival. Prog Lipid Res. 2008 May;47(3):188-203. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2008.01.003.
(2) Snell K. Enzymes of serine metabolism in normal, developing and neoplastic rat tissues. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1984;22:325-400. doi: 10.1016/0065-2571(84)90021-9.
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