Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Zhang L, Yadav S, John Wang Y, Mozziconacci O, Schӧneich C. Dual Effect of Histidine on Polysorbate 20 Stability: Mechanistic Studies. Pharm Res. 2018 Jan 16;35(2):33. doi: 10.1007/s11095-017-2321-1. 

Abstract. The stability of PS20 in L-His buffer was compared with that in acetate buffer. Forced oxidation of PS20 in these two buffer systems was initiated by a free radical generator, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH), while accelerated stability tests were carried out at 40°C. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was utilized to monitor intact PS20 and to analyze degradation products.

Vangrysperre W, Ampe C, Kersters-Hilderson H, Tempst P. Single active-site histidine in D-xylose isomerase from Streptomyces violaceoruber. Identification by chemical derivatization and peptide mapping. Biochem J. 1989 Oct 1;263(1):195-9. doi: 10.1042/bj2630195. 

Abstract. Group-specific chemical modifications of D-xylose isomerase from Streptomyces violaceruber indicated that complete loss of activity is fully correlated with the acylation of a single histidine. Active-site protection, by the ligand combination of xylitol plus Mg2+, completely blocked diethyl pyrocarbonate derivatization of this particular residue [Vangrysperre, Callens, Kersters-Hilderson & De Bruyne (1988) Biochem. J. 250, 153-160]. Differential peptide mapping between D-xylose isomerase, which has previously been treated with diethyl pyrocarbonate in the presence or absence of xylitol plus Mg2+, allowed specific isolation and sequencing of a peptide containing this active-site histidine. For this purpose we used two essentially new techniques: first, a highly reproducible peptide cleavage protocol for protease-resistant, carbethoxylated proteins with guanidinium hydrochloride as denaturing agent and subtilisin for proteolysis; and second, reverse-phase liquid chromatography with dual-wavelength detection at 214 and 238 nm, and calculation of absorbance ratios. It allowed us to locate the single active-site histidine at position 54 in the primary structure of Streptomyces violaceoruber D-xylose isomerase. The sequence around this residue is conserved in D-xylose isomerases from a diversity of micro-organisms, suggesting that this is a structurally and/or functionally essential part of the molecule.

Vilchiz VH, Norman RE, Chang SC. L-histidine methyl ester dihydrochloride. Acta Crystallogr C. 1996 Mar 15;52 ( Pt 3):696-8. doi: 10.1107/s0108270195013308.

Abstract. The title compound, C7H13N3O2(2+).2Cl-, has distances and angles quite similar to those of histidine hydrochloride monohydrate [Donohue & Caron (1964). Acta Cryst. 17, 1178-1180], except for the distances within the ester functionality.

Kolhe P, Amend E, Singh SK. Impact of freezing on pH of buffered solutions and consequences for monoclonal antibody aggregation. Biotechnol Prog. 2010 May-Jun;26(3):727-33. doi: 10.1002/btpr.377.

Abstract. Freezing of biologic drug substance at large scale is an important unit operation that enables manufacturing flexibility and increased use-period for the material. Stability of the biologic in frozen solutions is associated with a number of issues including potentially destabilizing pH changes. 

Johnson RP, Uthaman S, John JV, Lee HR, Lee SJ, Park H, Park IK, Suh H, Kim I. Poly(PEGA)-b-poly(L-lysine)-b-poly(L-histidine) Hybrid Vesicles for Tumoral pH-Triggered Intracellular Delivery of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015 Oct 7;7(39):21770-9. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b05338. 

Abstract. A series of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate-block-poly(L-lysine)-block-poly(L-histidine) [p(PEGA)30-b-p(Lys)25-b-p(His)n] (n = 25, 50, 75, 100) triblock copolypeptides were designed and synthesized for tumoral pH-responsive intracellular release of anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox). 

Johnson RP, Chung CW, Jeong YI, Kang DH, Suh H, Kim I. Poly(L-histidine)-tagged 5-aminolevulinic acid prodrugs: new photosensitizing precursors of protoporphyrin IX for photodynamic colon cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7:2497-512. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S29582.

Abstract. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its derivatives have been widely used in photodynamic therapy. The main drawback associated with ALA-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) and ALA fluorescence diagnosis results from the hydrophilic nature of ALA and lack of selectivity for tumor versus nontumor cells. The application of certain triggers, such as pH, into conventional sensitizers for controllable (1)O(2) release is a promising strategy for tumor-targeted treatment.

Andi B, West AH, Cook PF. Stabilization and characterization of histidine-tagged homocitrate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004 Jan 15;421(2):243-54. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.11.005.

Abstract. Histidine-tagged homocitrate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to about 98% using a Ni-NTA resin and stabilized using a combination of 100 mM guanidine hydrochloride, 100 mM alpha-cyclodextrin, and 600 mM ammonium sulfate. The enzyme was assayed using dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) as an oxidant to oxidize the CoASH produced in the reaction.

Considine KL, Stefanidis L, Grozinger KG, Audie J, Alper BJ. Efficient synthesis of α-fluoromethylhistidine di-hydrochloride and demonstration of its efficacy as a glutathione S-transferase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2017 Mar 15;27(6):1335-1340. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.024.

Abstract. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is an enzyme that converts histidine to histamine. Inhibition of HDC has several medical applications, and HDC inhibitors are of considerable interest for the study of histidine metabolism.