Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Aramini A, Bianchini G, Lillini S, Bordignon S, Tomassetti M, Novelli R, Mattioli S, Lvova L, Paolesse R, Chierotti MR, Allegretti M. Unexpected Salt/Cocrystal Polymorphism of the Ketoprofen-Lysine System: Discovery of a New Ketoprofen-l-Lysine Salt Polymorph with Different Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Jun 10;14(6):555. doi: 10.3390/ph14060555. 

Abstract. Ketoprofen-l-lysine salt (KLS) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Here, we studied deeply the solid-state characteristics of KLS to possibly identify new polymorphic drugs. Conducting a polymorph screening study and combining conventional techniques with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, we identified, for the first time, a salt/cocrystal polymorphism of the ketoprofen (KET)-lysine (LYS) system, with the cocrystal, KET-LYS polymorph 1 (P1), being representative of commercial KLS, and the salt, KET-LYS polymorph 2 (P2), being a new polymorphic form of KLS. 

Cossellu G, Lanteri V, Lione R, Ugolini A, Gaffuri F, Cozza P, Farronato M. Efficacy of ketoprofen lysine salt and paracetamol/acetaminophen to reduce pain during rapid maxillary expansion: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2019 Jan;29(1):58-65. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12428. 

Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) vs paracetamol/acetaminophen (P) on pain perception during Rapid maxillary expansion.

Cerciello, A., Auriemma, G., Del Gaudio, P., Cantarini, M., & Aquino, R. P. (2016). Natural polysaccharides platforms for oral controlled release of ketoprofen lysine salt. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 42(12), 2063-2069.

Abstract. Ketoprofen lysinate (KL) is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the symptomatic treatment of some chronic inflammatory diseases. Compared to ketoprofen, KL shows better pharmacokinetics and tolerability. However, due to its short half-life of 1–2 h, a multiple dose regimen is required for oral administration. Thus, the present work deals with its encapsulation in a hydrogel-based system by prilling in order to prolong its activity.

Fiorentino, S., Melillo, G., Fedele, G., Clavenna, G., D'AGOSTINO, C., Mainetti, E., & Caselli, G. F. (1996). Ketoprofen lysine salt inhibits disuse-induced osteopenia in a new non-traumatic immobilization model in the rat. Pharmacological research, 33(4-5), 277-281.

Abstract. Immobilization and the consequent unloading can cause osteopenia both in humans and in animals due to an increased bone resorption and a parallel reduction in bone formation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and in particular the aryl propionic acids, are described to prevent bone loss by inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase activity. In this study we evaluated the role of a classical aryl propionic acid, ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS), in a new model of disuse-induced osteoporosis in the rat.

Messeri, A., Busoni, P., Noccioli, B., Murolo, S., Ivani, G., Grossetti, R., ... & Novellini, R. (2003). Analgesic efficacy and tolerability of ketoprofen lysine salt vs paracetamol in common paediatric surgery. A randomized, single‐blind, parallel, multicentre trial. Pediatric Anesthesia, 13(7), 574-578.

Abstract. In this study, we compared the analgesic efficacy of ketoprofen lysine salt (OKi® suppositories) vs paracetamol, in children undergoing minor surgery. We also studied the side-effects of the treatment.

Kuczyńska J, Nieradko-Iwanicka B. The effect of ketoprofen lysine salt on mucosa of rat stomach after ethyl alcohol intoxication. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Sep;141:111938. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111938. 

Abstract. The aim of the study was to check if use of ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) has any gastroprotective effect on mucosa of rat stomach after ethyl alcohol intoxication.

Parrini, M., Cabitza, P., Arrigo, A., & Vanasia, M. (1992). Efficacy and tolerability of ketoprofen lysine salt foam for topical use in the treatment of traumatic pathologies of the locomotor apparatus. La Clinica Terapeutica, 141(9), 199-204.

Abstract. In this study the authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a foam of 15% ketoprofen lysine salt versus placebo in patients with articular traumas, pains and strains, distortions etc.

Novelli, R., Aramini, A., Boccella, S., Bagnasco, M., Cattani, F., Ferrari, M. P., ... & Pace, V. (2022). Ketoprofen lysine salt has a better gastrointestinal and renal tolerability than ketoprofen acid: A comparative tolerability study in the Beagle dog. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 153, 113336.

Abstract. Here, we report in vivo tolerability/toxicity studies that were conducted prior seeking ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) marketing authorization, in which we compared KLS and Ketoprofen safety profile, focusing in particular on the evaluation of the gastrointestinal and renal tolerability of the drugs administered orally to dogs.

Anacardio, R., Perilli, O., Bartolini, S., Gentile, M. M., Mazzeo, P., & Carlucci, G. (2003). Physicochemical compatibility between ketoprofen lysine salt injections (Artrosilene®) and pharmaceutical products frequently used for combined therapy by intravenous administration. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 32(6), 1235-1241.

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical compatibility between ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene® Fiale) and other injectable drugs frequently used in association. Physicochemical properties of ketoprofen lysine salt mixtures with different drugs, including colour, clarity, pH and drug content were observed or measured before and after (up to 5 h) mixing at room temperature and under light protection.