Pinus Mugo Leaf Oil is the essential oil obtained from the leaves of the Pinus mugo plant, which belongs to the Pinaceae family. This essential oil is widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and aromatherapy industries for its various beneficial properties, including its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and invigorating effects.

Chemical Composition and Structure

Pinus Mugo Leaf Oil contains a variety of bioactive compounds, primarily monoterpenes such as alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, and bornyl acetate. These compounds contribute to the oil's characteristic pine scent and its therapeutic properties.

Physical Properties

Pinus Mugo Leaf Oil typically appears as a clear to pale yellow liquid with a strong, fresh pine aroma. It is highly volatile and soluble in alcohol and oils, but insoluble in water. Its light, non-greasy texture makes it suitable for various topical applications.

Production Process

• Harvesting and Preparation: The leaves (needles) of the Pinus mugo plant are carefully harvested, ensuring the preservation of their essential oil content.
• Distillation: The essential oil is extracted from the leaves through steam distillation, a process that involves passing steam through the plant material to vaporize the volatile compounds. The vapor is then condensed back into liquid form, separating the essential oil from the water.
• Purification: The resulting essential oil is filtered and purified to remove any impurities, ensuring high quality and suitability for use in various products.
• Quality Control: Rigorous testing is conducted on the final essential oil to assess its purity, consistency, and effectiveness. These tests include evaluating the oil's chemical composition, aroma, and compatibility with other ingredients.

Applications

Cosmetic Products: Widely used in skincare and haircare products for its antiseptic and invigorating properties. It is often found in creams, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners.

Pharmaceutical Uses: Utilized for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in topical formulations designed to relieve muscle and joint pain.

Aromatherapy: Used in diffusers and massage oils for its refreshing and uplifting scent, which can help alleviate stress and improve mood.

Household Products: Incorporated into cleaning products and air fresheners for its pleasant fragrance and antibacterial properties.

What it is used for and where

Medical and pharmaceutical

Essential oils, secondary metabolites produced by plants, have been shown to possess anti-tumour activities and to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Recent studies have also attributed antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to them due to the presence of polyphenols, terpenoids and flavonoids, which also make this oil suitable for combating fungi such as Penicillium sp (1). Alpha-pinene, delta-3-carene, linalool and limonene are found in the leaves. Pinus mugo essential oil has shown the best antioxidant activity compared to essential oils of other Pinaceae.

It is used in pharmaceutical formulations as an expectorant obtained by macerating green Pinus mugo cones in sugar. Another pharmaceutical application concerns the anti-inflammatory and healing properties of both the essential oil and resin of this plant.

Cosmetics

Pinus mugo leaf oil has a soothing effect on the skin, heals small wounds, is anti-fungal and acts as an antibacterial preservative.

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

Fragrance. It plays a very important role in the formulation of cosmetic products as it provides the possibility of enhancing, masking or adding fragrance to the final product, increasing its marketability. It is able to create a perceptible pleasant odour, masking a bad smell. The consumer always expects to find a pleasant or distinctive scent in a cosmetic product. 

Perfuming. Unlike fragrance, which can also contain slightly less pleasant or characteristic odours, the term perfume indicates only very pleasant fragrances. Used for perfumes and aromatic raw materials.

CAS   90082-72-7   8000-26-8

EC number   290-163-6

Cosmetic Safety

Restricted cosmetic ingredient as III/109  a Relevant Item in the Annexes of the European Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009. Substance or ingredient reported: Pinus mugo leaf and twig oil and extract. The presence of the substance or substances shall be indicated as ‘Pinus Mugo’ in the list of ingredients referred to in Article 19(1), point (g), when the concentration of the substance or substances exceeds: — 0,001 % in leave-on products — 0,01 % in rinse-off products. The peroxide value shall be less than 10 mmoles/L (This limit applies to the substance and not to the finished cosmetic product).

For further information:

Pinus mugo leaf oil studi

References__________________________________________________________________

(1) Felšöciová S, Vukovic N, Jeżowski P, Kačániová M. Antifungal activity of selected volatile essential oils against Penicillium sp. Open Life Sci. 2020 Jul 19;15(1):511-521. doi: 10.1515/biol-2020-0045.

Abstract. Phytopathogenic fungi have been responsible for considerable economic losses in vineyards, and therefore, more attention should be paid to the development and implementation of preventative treatment that is environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of ten essential oils (EOs) (viz. Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Carum carvi L., Pinus mugo var. pumilio, Mentha piperita L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Pinus sylvestris L., Satureja hortensis L., Origanum vulgare L., Pimpinella anisum L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L.). For the antifungal activity evaluation against Penicillium brevicompactum, P. citrinum, P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. funiculosum, P. glabrum, P. chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, P. polonicum and Talaromyces purpurogenus a disc diffusion method was used. The ten EOs exhibited different antifungal properties. Three tested EOs (Carum carvi L., Satureja hortensis L. and Pimpinella anisum L.) at concentrations of 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 and 0.125 µL/mL showed antifungal activity, inhibiting the mycelial growth. The Origanum vulgare L. EOs exhibited a lower level of inhibition. Overall, Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Pinus mugo var. pumilio, Mentha piperita L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Pinus sylvestris L., Satureja hortensis L., Pimpinella anisum L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. were effective as fungicidal agents but their efficiency varied between the strains of fungi. Carum carvi L. showed strong antifungal activity against all tested strains at both full strength and reduced concentrations. These EOs could be considered as potential sources of antifungal compounds for treating plant fungal diseases. © 2020 Soňa Felšöciová et al., published by De Gruyter.