Omega-6 are a family of essential fatty acids that the human body cannot produce on its own, so they must be obtained through diet or topical products. Omega-6 fatty acids play a crucial role in maintaining skin health, thanks to their moisturizing, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory properties. One of the most notable omega-6 fatty acids is linoleic acid, which is found in many vegetable oils, such as sunflower and safflower oil. Omega-6 fatty acids support the skin barrier function, improving its ability to retain moisture and protect against external irritants.

Chemical Composition and Structure

Omega-6 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats characterized by a double bond positioned between the sixth and seventh carbon atoms from the end of the chain (hence the name "omega-6"). Linoleic acid is the most representative member of this family and is abundant in vegetable oils like sunflower oil, safflower oil, and soybean oil. Other omega-6 fatty acids include gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), found in borage oil and evening primrose oil, which offers additional benefits for skin regeneration and elasticity support.

Physical Properties

They are typically present in the form of liquid oils that are liposoluble and either clear or pale yellow in color. Like other unsaturated fats, they are prone to oxidation, so they must be protected from light, heat, and air to preserve their stability. These oils are easily incorporated into cosmetic products such as serums, oils, lotions, and moisturizers, where they act as powerful emollients and skin regenerators.

Production Process

Omega-6 fatty acids are extracted from vegetable oils through cold pressing or supercritical CO₂ extraction processes to preserve the integrity of the fatty acids. After extraction, omega-6s are refined and stabilized for use in cosmetic products and dietary supplements. The extraction process requires care to maintain the chemical quality and stability of the fatty acids. 

• Selection of Raw Materials: Omega-6s are primarily extracted from plant sources such as soybean, sunflower, corn, and canola oils. These sources are selected for their high content of linoleic acid, the most common Omega-6 fatty acid.

• Extraction: The extraction of Omega-6s occurs through appropriate methods, such as cold pressing or solvent extraction. In cold pressing, the seeds are mechanically pressed to obtain the oil, while in solvent extraction, the plant materials are immersed in a solvent to dissolve the oils.

• Filtration: After extraction, the obtained oils are filtered to remove undissolved solids and impurities, resulting in pure, high-quality oils.

• Refining: The extracted oil may be refined to remove further impurities and improve the flavor and appearance of the final product. This process may include deodorization and bleaching.

• Hydrolysis (If Necessary): In some cases, Omega-6s can be isolated through hydrolysis of the extracted oils, using specific acids or enzymes to break down triglycerides and release the fatty acids.

• Quality Control and Packaging: Finally, Omega-6s undergo quality control checks to verify their purity, efficacy, and compliance with standards. After analysis, they are packaged in appropriate containers for distribution and use in cosmetic products and dietary supplements.

Applications

• Skincare: Omega-6 fatty acids are widely used in moisturizers for their emollient properties, improving skin barrier function and reducing transepidermal water loss, making them ideal for dry or sensitive skin.

• Anti-inflammatory Products: Thanks to their soothing properties, omega-6 fatty acids are used to reduce skin inflammation and irritation, especially in conditions like dermatitis and eczema.

• Regenerative Products: Omega-6s like GLA promote cell renewal and improve skin elasticity, making them beneficial for repairing damaged and aging skin.

These fats lower the content of harmful LDL cholesterol, exert cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory action.

Health and Safety Considerations

Safety in Use
Omega-6 fatty acids are considered safe for use in cosmetic products and dietary supplements. They are well tolerated by the skin and do not present irritation risks. Major regulatory authorities, such as the European Union and the FDA, approve their use in skincare products.

Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions to omega-6s are rare. However, as with any natural ingredient, it is advisable to perform a patch test before use on sensitive or reactive skin.

Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
They are considered beneficial for skin health due to their ability to nourish and protect the skin barrier.

Environmental Considerations
Omega-6 fatty acids are derived from vegetable oils, which are renewable resources often cultivated sustainably. The extraction and processing of these oils can be done using eco-friendly techniques, making omega-6s a biodegradable and environmentally responsible ingredient.

Regulatory Status
Omega-6 fatty acids are approved for use in cosmetic products and dietary supplements by major regulatory authorities, such as the European Union and the FDA in the United States. They are widely used in skincare products, particularly in moisturizing and regenerative formulations.

Omega-6 studies