![]() | "Descrizione" by admin (19549 pt) | 2024-Sep-27 11:42 |
Polyquaternium-68 è un copolimero, sale di ammonio quaternario polimerico.
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, polymer with 1-ethenylimidazole and 1-ethenyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate
Il nome definisce la struttura della molecola:
Materie prime utilizzate nella produzione:
Le principali materie prime sono 1-Etenil-2-pirrolidinone, 1-etenilimidazolo e 1-etenil-3-metilimidazolio metil solfato.
Processo di sintesi chimica industriale passo per passo:
Polyquaternium-68 si presenta in forma di liquido da incolore a giallo chiaro, solubile in acqua, insolubile in estere, idrocarburi e chetone. Si presenta anche in forma di polvere bianca.
A cosa serve e dove si usa
Cosmetica
Agente filmogeno. Produce una pellicola sottilissima continua con un bilanciamento ottimale di coesione, adesione ed adesività su pelle o capelli per contrastare o limitare danni da fenomeni esterni come prodotti chimici, raggi UV e inquinamento.
Fissativo per capelli. Questo ingrediente ha la capacità di creare, con la sua pellicola protettiva, rigidità e tenuta dei capelli ed ha anche ha la capacità di formare, tramite un'applicazione uniforme, con le sue proprietà idrofile ed elastiche, legami tra le fibre dei capelli, per mantenerne, per un certo tempo, una particolare forma ai capelli.
Applicazioni commerciali
Industria cosmetica. Il Polyquaternium-68 è utilizzato principalmente come agente condizionante in prodotti per capelli come shampoo, balsami e trattamenti senza risciacquo. Aiuta a migliorare la texture, la pettinabilità e la lucentezza dei capelli.
Formazione di film. Può formare un sottile film sui capelli o sulla pelle, offrendo protezione, morbidezza e lucentezza.
Proprietà antistatiche. Riduce l'elettricità statica nei capelli, prevenendo l'effetto crespo e rendendo i capelli più gestibili.
Bibliografia__________________________________________________________________________
Robbins, C. R., & Robbins, C. R. (2012). Polymers in hair products. Chemical and physical behavior of human hair, 489-535.
Abstract. Polymers have become increasingly important components of cosmetics over the past few decades. The original uses of polymers in hair care were as fixative agents and viscosity controlling additives; however, new polymers today are also used for hair conditioning and for the development of new style control products. Polymer substantivity to hair fibers increases with molecular size, with an increasing number of polar group attachments and especially with an increasing number of cationic groups for attachment to the negatively charged surface of hair fibers. From an anionic shampoo medium the cationic charge on polymers is neutralized and the adsorbing species is essentially a neutral or negatively charged species. The most successful silicone conditioning polymers for hair care have been used in both shampoo and conditioner compositions. Dimethicones in shampoos condition undamaged or lightly damaged hair better than they condition highly damaged, bleached hair or even tip ends because neutral hydrophobic conditioning agents adsorb more readily to an undamaged hydrophobic surface than to a damaged highly polar hair surface. New block co-polymers and a fairly large number of new cationic polymers have been introduced into hair care recently, while fractal polymers (highly irregular shapes) and nanoparticles have been developed and are receiving attention for potential use in hair care.
Kolle, Susanne N., et al. Plant extracts, polymers and new approach methods: practical experience with skin sensitization assessment. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 138 (2023): 105330.
Abstract. Over the last decade, research into methodologies to identify skin sensitization hazards has led to the adoption of several non-animal methods as OECD test guidelines. However, predictive accuracy beyond the chemical domains of the individual validation studies remains largely untested. In the present study, skin sensitization test results from in vitro and in chemico methods for 12 plant extracts and 15 polymeric materials are reported and compared to available in vivo skin sensitization data. Eight plant extracts were tested in the DPRA and h-CLAT, with the 2 out of 3 approach resulting in a balanced accuracy of 50%. The balanced accuracy for the 11 plant extracts assessed in the SENS-IS was 88%. Excluding 5 polymers inconclusive in vitro, the remainder, assessed using the 2 out of 3 approach, resulted in 63% balanced accuracy. The SENS-IS method, excluding one polymeric material due to technical inapplicability, showed 68% balanced accuracy. Although based on limited numbers, the results presented here indicate that some substance subgroups may not be in the applicability domains of the method used and careful analysis is required before positive or negative results can be accepted.
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