Polysilicone-29 is a complex silicone polymer formed by the reaction between glycidoxypropyl-terminated dimethyl siloxane polymer, PEG-13 diglycidyl ether, diethylaminopropylamine, and aminopropyltriisopropoxysilane. It is primarily used in the cosmetics industry for its excellent conditioning and film-forming properties, which help protect skin and hair from environmental stress and moisture.

Chemical Composition and Structure
Polysilicone-29 is a polymer created by combining the following key components:

• Glycidoxypropyl-terminated dimethyl siloxane, which provides flexibility and stability to the polymer.
• PEG-13 diglycidyl ether, which enhances the silicone's compatibility with other ingredients and increases solubility in water-based formulations.
• Diethylaminopropylamine and aminopropyltriisopropoxysilane, which provide functional groups that improve conditioning properties and film formation.

Silicones have high chemical stability but low biodegradability and high bioaccumulation potential.

The name defines the structure of the molecule:

• Poly refers to polymers, which are large molecules composed of repeated subunits. In the context of chemical science and materials, a polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits, known as monomers.
• Silicone is a type of synthetic material with a wide range of uses, from lubricants to medical applications to cosmetics. Silicones are polymers that include any synthetic compound consisting of repeated units of siloxane, which is a chain of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, combined with carbon and/or hydrogen.

• -29 refers to the average number of repeated units in the polymer. This is an average number because the actual number of repeated units may vary from molecule to molecule.

The synthesis process takes place in several stages:

• Preparation of Components: The starting materials include glycidoxypropyl-terminated dimethyl siloxane polymer, PEG-13 diglycidyl ether, diethylaminopropylamine, and aminopropyltriisopropoxysilane. These components are weighed and prepared for the reaction.

• Polymerization Reaction: The components are mixed in a chemical reactor. The reaction occurs under controlled temperature and time conditions, promoting the formation of chemical bonds between the different monomers. This process creates a complex three-dimensional polymer network.

• Viscosity and Reaction Monitoring: During the reaction, viscosity and progress are monitored to ensure that the polymer achieves the desired properties. If necessary, catalysts may be added to accelerate the reaction.

• Purification: Once the reaction is complete, the polysilicone-29 is purified to remove any residual reagents and impurities. This may include filtration and washing processes to ensure a high-quality product.

• Quality Control and Packaging: Finally, polysilicone-29 undergoes quality control checks to verify its purity and functional properties. After analysis, it is packaged for distribution and use in cosmetic and personal care products.

Polysilicone-29 is a type of silicone, which are typically colorless and can come in various forms such as oils, rubbers, or resins. However, the exact form and color of Polysilicone-29 may depend on how it is processed or used in specific products. 

Applications

• Hair Care: Used in styling products and conditioners to enhance shine and protect hair from humidity and environmental damage.

• Skincare: Employed in lotions and creams to form a protective barrier against moisture and external aggressors while allowing the skin to breathe.

• Sun Care Products: Due to its film-forming properties, it is often used in sunscreens to improve water resistance and UV protection.

Hair conditioning agent. A large number of ingredients with specific purposes can co-exist in a hair shampoo: cleansers, conditioners, thickeners, mattifying agents, sequestering agents, fragrances, preservatives, special additives. However, the indispensable ingredients are the cleansers and conditioners as they are necessary and sufficient for hair cleansing and manageability. The others act as commercial and non-essential auxiliaries such as: appearance, fragrance, colouring, etc. Hair conditioning agents have the task of increasing shine, manageability and volume, and reducing static electricity, especially after treatments such as colouring, ironing, waving, drying and brushing. They are, in practice, dispersing agents that may contain cationic surfactants, thickeners, emollients, polymers. The typology of hair conditioners includes: intensive conditioners, instant conditioners, thickening conditioners, drying conditioners.

Silicones have high chemical stability but low biodegradability and high bioaccumulation potential.

Safety

 It is an ingredient that has a high bioaccumulation and persistence, however in cosmetic use this ingredient is considered safe.

Safety in Use
Polysilicone-29 is considered safe for use in cosmetic products. Its complex structure is designed to provide protection and conditioning without clogging pores or causing skin irritation.

Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions to Polysilicone-29 are very rare, as it is generally well tolerated by skin and hair. However, mild irritation may occur in particularly sensitive individuals.

Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
There is no evidence to suggest that Polysilicone-29 is toxic or carcinogenic. It has been approved by regulatory authorities for safe use in cosmetic products.

Environmental Considerations
Like other silicones, Polysilicone-29 is resistant to biodegradation. However, its use is considered environmentally safe when disposed of properly and used in regulated amounts.

Regulatory Status
Polysilicone-29 is approved for use in cosmetics by major regulatory authorities, including the European Union and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States.