"Descrizione" by Nat45 (5725 pt) | 2023-Dec-10 21:30 |
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E1452 (Ottenilsuccinato di amido di alluminio) è ottenuto dalla reazione dell'anidride ottenilsuccinica con l'amido ed è il sale di alluminio del prodotto di questa reazione.
Il nome descrive la struttura della molecola:
Materie prime utilizzate nella produzione:
Amido. Un polisaccaride naturale utilizzato come base per la produzione dell'octenilsuccinato di amido di alluminio. Fornisce la struttura di base del composto.
Acido Octenilsuccinico. Un derivato dell'acido succinico utilizzato per modificare chimicamente l'amido, migliorandone le proprietà e la compatibilità con altri ingredienti.
Alluminio. Utilizzato per stabilizzare la struttura modificata dell'amido.
Sintesi chimica industriale
Si presenta in forma di polvere bianca o granuli bianchi.
A cosa serve e dove si usa
Cosmetica
Assorbente. Assorbe sostanze disperse o disciolte in soluzioni acquose, acqua/olio, olio/acqua.
Agente antiagglomerante. Questo composto chimico agevola il flusso libero e previene ed impedisce l'aggregazione o l'agglomeramento delle sostanze presenti in una formulazione riducendo la tendenza di alcune particelle ad aderire tra loro.
Agente di controllo della viscosità. Controlla e adatta la viscosità al livello richiesto per ottenere una stabilità ottimale chimica e fisica del prodotto e del dosaggio in gel, sospensioni, emulsioni, soluzioni.
Normalmente viene inserito nelle creme in una percentuale che non supera il 30%.
Alimentazione
Viene anche utilizzato nel settore alimentare con funzione di amido alimentare modificato ed è soggetto ad alcune limitazioni per quanto concerne i residui di metalli pesanti.
Nella lista degli additivi alimentari europei l'ottenilsuccinato di amido di alluminio ha il numero E1452 come addensante.
Sicurezza
Il Gruppo di esperti scientifici dell'EFSA sugli additivi alimentari e le fonti di nutrienti aggiunti agli alimenti ritiene che non vi sia alcun problema di sicurezza per l'uso di amidi modificati come additivi alimentari agli usi e ai livelli d'uso dichiarati per la popolazione generale e che non è necessaria una DGA numerica (1).
Nelle quantità minime in cui è inserito in prodotti alimentari o cosmetici non desta preoccupazione. Tuttavia l'alluminio è un possibile interferente endocrino, quindi controllare l'eventuale cumulo di assunzione. che non può essere escluso in quanto questo ingrediente può trovarsi sia in prodotti cosmetici che in prodotti alimentari a largo consumo come pane, vari prodotti da forno (2).
Bibliografia________________________________________________________________________
(1) EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS), Mortensen, A., Aguilar, F., Crebelli, R., Di Domenico, A., Dusemund, B., Frutos, M.J., Galtier, P., Gott, D., Gundert‐Remy, U. and Lambré, C., 2017. Re‐evaluation of oxidised starch (E 1404), monostarch phosphate (E 1410), distarch phosphate (E 1412), phosphated distarch phosphate (E 1413), acetylated distarch phosphate (E 1414), acetylated starch (E 1420), acetylated distarch adipate (E 1422), hydroxypropyl starch (E 1440), hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (E 1442), starch sodium octenyl succinate (E 1450), acetylated oxidised starch (E 1451) and starch aluminium octenyl succinate (E 1452) as food additives. EFSA Journal, 15(10), p.e04911.
Abstract. Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of 12 modified starches (E 1404, E 1410, E 1412, E 1413, E 1414, E 1420, E 1422, E 1440, E 1442, E 1450, E 1451 and E 1452) authorised as food additives in the EU in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 and previously evaluated by JECFA and the SCF. Both committees allocated an acceptable daily intake (ADI) ‘not specified’. In humans, modified starches are not absorbed intact but significantly hydrolysed by intestinal enzymes and then fermented by the intestinal microbiota. Using the read-across approach, the Panel considered that adequate data on short- and long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity are available. Based on in silico analyses, modified starches are considered not to be of genotoxic concern. No treatment-related effects relevant for human risk assessment were observed in rats fed very high levels of modified starches (up to 31,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day). Modified starches (e.g. E 1450) were well tolerated in humans up to a single dose of 25,000 mg/person. Following the conceptual framework for the risk assessment of certain food additives, the Panel concluded that there is no safety concern for the use of modified starches as food additives at the reported uses and use levels for the general population and that there is no need for a numerical ADI. The combined exposure to E 1404–E 1451 at the 95th percentile of the refined (brand-loyal) exposure assessment scenario for the general population was up to 3,053 mg/kg bw per day. Exposure to E 1452 for food supplement consumers only at the 95th percentile was up to 22.1 mg/kg bw per day.
(2) Tietz, T., Lenzner, A., Kolbaum, A.E. et al. Aggregated aluminium exposure: risk assessment for the general population. Arch Toxicol 93, 3503–3521 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-019-02599-z
Abstract. Aluminium is one of the most abundant elements in earth’s crust and its manifold uses result in an exposure of the population from many sources. Developmental toxicity, effects on the urinary tract and neurotoxicity are known effects of aluminium and its compounds. Here, we assessed the health risks resulting from total consumer exposure towards aluminium and various aluminium compounds, including contributions from foodstuffs, food additives, food contact materials (FCM), and cosmetic products. For the estimation of aluminium contents in foodstuff, data from the German “Pilot-Total-Diet-Study” were used, which was conducted as part of the European TDS-Exposure project. These were combined with consumption data from the German National Consumption Survey II to yield aluminium exposure via food for adults. It was found that the average weekly aluminium exposure resulting from food intake amounts to approx. 50% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg/kg body weight (bw)/week, derived by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). For children, data from the French “Infant Total Diet Study” and the “Second French Total Diet Study” were used to estimate aluminium exposure via food. As a result, the TWI can be exhausted or slightly exceeded—particularly for infants who are not exclusively breastfed and young children relying on specially adapted diets (e.g. soy-based, lactose free, hypoallergenic). When taking into account the overall aluminium exposure from foods, cosmetic products (cosmetics), pharmaceuticals and FCM from uncoated aluminium, a significant exceedance of the EFSA-derived TWI and even the PTWI of 2 mg/kg bw/week, derived by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, may occur. Specifically, high exposure levels were found for adolescents aged 11–14 years. Although exposure data were collected with special regard to the German population, it is also representative for European and comparable to international consumers. From a toxicological point of view, regular exceedance of the lifetime tolerable aluminium intake (TWI/PTWI) is undesirable, since this results in an increased risk for health impairments. Consequently, recommendations on how to reduce overall aluminium exposure are given.
Wong, W.W., Chung, S.W., Kwong, K.P., Yin Ho, Y. and Xiao, Y., 2010. Dietary exposure to aluminium of the Hong Kong population. Food Additives and Contaminants, 27(4), pp.457-463.
Bratakos, S.M., Lazou, A.E., Bratakos, M.S. and Lazos, E.S., 2012. Aluminium in food and daily dietary intake estimate in Greece. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B, 5(1), pp.33-44.
Safety assessment of starch-based personal care products: Nanocapsules and pickering emulsions. Marto J, Pinto P, Fitas M, Gonçalves LM, Almeida AJ, Ribeiro HM. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Mar 1;342:14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.018.
Final report on the safety assessment of aluminum starch octenylsuccinate. Nair B, Yamarik TA; Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert panel. Int J Toxicol. 2002;21 Suppl 1:1-7. Review.
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