Kathon® is a chemical compound, a mixture of two heterocyclic isothiazolinones: methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone included in the formulation in approximate proportions of 3:1 and with magnesium chloride and magnesium nitrate as stabilisers. It is a registered trademark of Rohm and Haas Company.

Name breakdown and function of the components

• Kathon - A trade name referring to a mix of two isothiazolinones, specifically methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI). These compounds are primarily used as preservatives.

Isothiazolinones, and specifically the Kathon mix, are employed as biocides in a range of products, including personal care items, due to their effective antimicrobial properties.

Description and function of the raw materials used in production

• Isothiazolinones - Chemical compounds that have the ability to inhibit microbial growth and hence are used as preservatives.

Summary of the industrial production process step by step

• Chemical Synthesis - Isothiazolinones are produced through a series of chemical reactions.
• Formulation - The isothiazolinones are then combined in specific proportions to create the Kathon mix.
• Purification - The resulting mix might be purified to ensure removal of impurities.
• Packaging - Finally, the Kathon mix is packaged for distribution and use in end products.

It appears as a colourless transparent liquid.

What it is used for and where

It is a highly efficient, broad-spectrum, non-oxidising antibacterial, stable at acid pH and in more oxidising environments. It is commercially available under different names: Kathon 886, Kathon CG, Kathon LX and others.

Cosmetics

Preservative. Any product containing organic, inorganic compounds, water, needs to be preserved from microbial contamination. Preservatives act against the development of harmful microorganisms and against oxidation of the product.

Food

Chemical preservative that prevents the degradation of milk samples and maintains the authenticity of analysis results. 

Safety

Studies published so far attribute contact allergies, contact dermatitis (1) and, if inhaled, risk of eosinophilia-mediated disease in the lung  to Kathon (2)

Commercial applications

Cosmetic products: Used as a preservative in many cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and bath gels.

Cleaning products: It's also utilized in cleansers, soaps, and other cleaning products to stave off microbial growth.

Industrial products: Found in certain paints, adhesives, and other industrial products as a preservative.

Properties

Preservative: Helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in products.

Biocidal: Possesses biocidal properties that kill microorganisms.

Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

"Kathon studies"

• Molecular Formula  C₈H₉ClN₂O₂S₂    C₄H₄ClNOS
• Molecular Weight  264.8
• CAS   55965-84-9 (Kathon 886),   5-chloro-2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one  (methylchloroisothiazolinone) 26172-55-4,    2-methyl-4 isothiazolin-3-one (methylisothiazolinone)  2682-20-4
• UNII    15O9QS218W
• EC Number    911-418-6   611-341-5    932-593-5     247-500-7

References_____________________________________________________________________

(1) Kazandjieva, J., Gergovska, M. and Darlenski, R., 2014. Contact dermatitis in a child from methlychloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone in moist wipes. Pediatric Dermatology, 31(2), pp.225-227.

Abstract. Contact allergic reactions to methlychloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone also widely known as Kathon CG have been reported extensively reported. It is one of the most commonly used preservatives in rinse-off products, cosmetics, and others. Herein, a case of a 50-year-old girl is presented with chronic dermatitis in the anogenital area. The patient was patch tested and had positive reaction to Kathon CG. The detailed history taking revealed that the allergen was present in the moist cleaning wipes used instead of dry toilet paper. The presented case serves as a basis for a appraisal of the use of this preservative in wet wipes. In addition, the duration of the patch test protocol in children has also been discussed.

(2) Park, E.J., Han, J.S., Seong, E., Park, E.J., Lee, B.S., Lee, S.J. and Lee, K., 2020. Inhaled Kathon may induce eosinophilia‐mediated disease in the lung. Environmental toxicology, 35(1), pp.27-36.

Abstract. In 2011, a link between humidifier disinfectants and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was identified in Korea, and Kathon was suggested as one of the causative agents. In this study, Kathon induced apoptotic cell death along with membrane damage at 24 h post-exposure. Additionally, on day 14 after a single instillation with Kathon, the total number of pulmonary cells and the levels of TNF-α, IL-5, IL-13, MIP-1α, and MCP-1α clearly increased in the lung of mice. The proportion of natural killer cells and eosinophils were significantly elevated in the spleen and the bloodstream, respectively, and the level of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, but not IgG, IgM, and IgE, dose-dependently increased. Therefore, we suggest that inhaled Kathon may induce eosinophilia-mediated disease in the lung by disrupting homeostasis of pulmonary surfactants. Considering that eosinophilia is closely related to cancer and fibrosis, further studies are needed to understand the relationship between them.