Sodium Dilauramidoglutamide Lysine is a chemical compound, a sodium salt derived from the reaction of dilauramidoglutamic acid and lysine.

The name defines the structure of the molecule

• "Sodium" indicates the presence of sodium ions in the compound, often used to form a salt to improve the solubility or stability of a compound.
• "Dilauramido" refers to the presence of two lauramido groups, derived from lauric acid, a 12-carbon fatty acid.
• "Glutamide" is a derivative of glutamic acid, an amino acid.
• "Lysine" is an essential amino acid used in the body for protein synthesis.

Description of raw materials used in production

• Dilauramidoglutamic Acid - A derivative of glutamic acid which has lauric side chains.
• Lysine - An essential amino acid, used as a reactive component.
• Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) - Used for neutralizing and forming the salt.

Step-by-step summary of industrial chemical synthesis process.

• Reaction - The dilauramidoglutamic acid is reacted with lysine under controlled conditions to form an intermediate product.
• Neutralization - The intermediate product, being acidic, is neutralized with caustic soda (NaOH) to form the sodium salt, i.e., Sodium Dilauramidoglutamide Lysine.
• Purification - The reaction mixture is purified to remove any by-products or unreacted species.
• Quality Control - A quality check is carried out to ensure the product meets the desired specifications.

What it is for and where

Cosmetics

Humectant. Hygroscopic compound used to minimise water loss in the skin and to prevent it from drying out by facilitating faster and greater absorption of water into the stratum corneum of the epidermis.  The epidermis is the most superficial of the three layers that make up human skin (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis) and is the layer that maintains hydration in all three layers. In turn, the epidermis is composed of five layers: horny, the most superficial, granular, spinous, shiny, and basal. Humectants have the ability to retain the water they attract from the air in the stratum corneum and have the function of moisturising the skin. They are best used before emollients, which are oil-based.

Sodium Dilauramidoglutamide Lysine,with two hydrophobic and two hydrophilic parts, is a promising new adjuvant with high potency in improving absorption safely (1).

Commercial applications

Emulsifier. Utilized in cosmetics and personal care products to aid in mixing water-based ingredients with oil-based ingredients.

Humectant. Helps to retain moisture on the skin or hair, providing hydration.

Skin Conditioning Agent. Imparts a soft and smooth feel on the skin, enhancing its texture.

Hair Care Products. Included in conditioners, shampoos, and hair treatments due to its moisturizing and conditioning properties.

Stabilizer. Helps to maintain the stability of a formulation, ensuring products keep their properties over time.

References_____________________________________________________________________

(1) Alama T, Kusamori K, Morishita M, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Mechanistic Studies on the Absorption-Enhancing Effects of Gemini Surfactant on the Intestinal Absorption of Poorly Absorbed Hydrophilic Drugs in Rats. Pharmaceutics. 2019 Apr 7;11(4):170. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040170. PMID: 30959978; PMCID: PMC6523531.

Abstract. Generally, the use of absorption enhancers might be the most effective approaches to ameliorate the enteric absorption of poorly absorbed substances. Among numerous absorption enhancers, we already reported that a gemini surfactant, sodium dilauramidoglutamide lysine (SLG-30) with two hydrophobic and two hydrophilic moieties, is a novel and promising adjuvant with a high potency in improving the absorption safely. Here, we examined and elucidated the absorption-improving mechanisms of SLG-30 in the enteric absorption of substances. SLG-30 increased the intestinal absorption of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) to a greater level than the typical absorption enhancers, including sodium glycocholate and sodium laurate, as evaluated by an in situ closed-loop method. Furthermore, SLG-30 significantly lowered the fluorescence anisotropy of dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl), suggesting that it might increase the fluidity of protein sections in the intestinal cell membranes. Moreover, SLG-30 significantly lowered the transepithelial-electrical resistance (TEER) values of Caco-2 cells, suggesting that it might open the tight junctions (TJs) between the enteric epithelial cells. Additionally, the levels of claudin-1 and claudin-4 expression decreased in the presence of SLG-30. These outcomes propose that SLG-30 might improve the enteric transport of poorly absorbed substances through both transcellular and paracellular routes.