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Estratto di stevia è una sostanza ottenuta dalla pianta Stevia rebaudiana, utilizzata come dolcificante naturale in molti prodotti alimentari e bevande.
Il nome definisce la struttura della molecola.
Riassunto passo-passo del processo di produzione industriale.
Forma e colore.
L'estratto di Stevia di solito si presenta come una polvere bianca, ma può anche essere disponibile in forma liquida.
Applicazioni commerciali.
Alimentazione
L'estratto di Stevia è un dolcificante naturale utilizzato in molti prodotti alimentari e bevande come alternativa allo zucchero e ad altri dolcificanti artificiali. È particolarmente popolare tra coloro che cercano opzioni a basso contenuto calorico o senza zucchero.
Cosmetica
Agente aromatizzante. Lo scopo di questo ingrediente è modificare la soluzione per conferire un certo aroma. Gli estratti di aromi naturali hanno un costo piuttosto elevato quindi le industrie cosmetiche e farmaceutiche ricorrono a sostanze sintetizzate che abbiano caratteristiche sensoriali per lo più simili agli aromi naturali o naturalmente equivalenti. Questo ingrediente è isolato attraverso processi chimici o è sintetizzato da sostanze chimiche. E' anche chiamato Aroma.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni è una pianta nativa del Sud America appartenente alla famiglia delle Asteraceae, con una lunga e datata storia di pianta medicinale utilizzata dapprima nella medicina tradizionale contro diabete ed ipertensione.
Le sue foglie vengono utilizzate oggi commercialmente dall'industria alimentare e farmaceutica in quanto producono producono metaboliti secondari (glicosidi diterpenici), che sono circa 300 volte più dolci del saccarosio (1).
I suoi benefici nella medicina spaziano dall'ipertensione al diabete e questo studio conferma che un trattamento con Stevia in pastiglie da 250mg ha prodotto un significativo miglioramento nei parametri biochimici di pazienti con malattie renali croniche (2).
Risultati suggeriscono che la somministrazione orale ai ratti di un estratto acquoso di foglie secche di Stevia induce vasodilatazione sistemica e renale, causando ipotensione, diuresi e natriuresi (3).
La stevia ha molte applicazioni farmacologiche e terapeutiche, come suggerito da molti studi preclinici e da alcuni studi clinici; le proprietà di Stevia sono atossiche e possiedono attività antiossidante, antimicrobica, antimicotica e anticarcinogenica (4).
Bibliografia_______________________________________________________________________
(1) Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni, a Source of High-Potency Natural Sweetener-Biochemical and Genetic Characterization. Dyduch-Siemińska M, Najda A, Gawroński J, Balant S, Świca K, Żaba A. Molecules. 2020 Feb 11;25(4). pii: E767. doi: 10.3390/molecules25040767.
Abstract. Stevia rebaudiana is a natural sweetener herb that is increasingly used in herbal medicines in the food and cosmetics industries. Molecular methods can be combined with morphological techniques to identify stevia genotypes as a starting material to produce more reliable bioproducts. This study evaluated the level of the genetic and biochemical diversity in various stevia genotypes using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Stevia genotypes collected from different locations of the world showed clear variations at the biochemical and genetic level in Polish climate conditions. The influence of the genotypes on the content of steviol glycosides, antioxidants, phenols, flavonoids, and tannins was analyzed using phytochemical assays. Genotypes from Morocco, Poland, Egypt, and Nigeria can be defined as samples of higher quality compared to other genotypes analyzed in terms of the amount of steviol glycosides. Considering the rebaudioside A/stevioside ratio as a selection criterion, genotypes from Australia, China, India, and Pakistan should be considered to be valuable in terms of suitability for obtaining new varieties. The present results of RAPD marker analysis indicated differential banding pattern and considerable polymorphism among all ten stevia genotypes. Genotypes from Morocco, Egypt, Poland, Nigeria, China, and India, as genetically different, can be selected for further stevia breeding programs.
(2) Preliminary analysis of the effect of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) in patients with chronic kidney disease (stage I to stage III). Rizwan F, Rashid HU, Yesmine S, Monjur F, Chatterjee TK. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2018 Aug 21;12:17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.08.007.
Abstract. Background: Stevia, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), has become an important economic plant for its commercial use as a sweetener. Stevia plays a significant role in the healthcare practice of different cultures and in population. Previous animal and clinical studies demonstrated the efficacy of Stevia against chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of Stevia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients after three (3) months of treatment along with the conventional antihypertensive and anti diabetic medications.... Conclusion: The initial result demonstrated that Stevia has the potential for a significant improvement of some biochemical parameters in CKD patients. After completion of the nine (9) months clinical trial, the constructive effect of Stevia can be confirmed in this group of patients.
(3) Chronic administration of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana in rats: renal effects. Melis MS. J Ethnopharmacol. 1995 Jul 28;47(3):129-34.
Abstract. The effects of administration of Stevia rebaudiana extracts for 20, 40 and 60 days on renal function and mean arterial pressure in normal Wistar rats were evaluated. Results showed that the Stevia rebaudiana treated rats group for 20 days did not significantly differ from the control group. Chronic administration of a crude extract for 40 and 60 days induced hypotension, diuresis and natriuresis with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) constant. An increase of the renal plasma flow (RPF) was exclusively observed for the group treated for 60 days. The results suggests that oral administration to rats of an aqueous extract of Stevia dried leaves induce systemic and renal vasodilation, causing hypotension, diuresis and natriuresis.
(4) Nutritional and therapeutic values of Stevia rebaudiana: A review Ena Gupta1, Shalini Purwar1, Shanthy Sundaram, G. K. Rai Vol. 7(46), pp. 3343-3353, 10 December, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2013.5276 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2013 Academic Journals
Abstract. Many non- or low-cariogenic sucrose substitutes are currently available and are found as ingredients of a variety of candy, chewing gum, and drinks. Recently the role of sugar alcohols in promoting remineralisation of enamel has attracted much attention. Thus, the dental profession needs to understand the general characteristics and features of sugar substitutes to provide advice on oral health to patients as well as the general public. There are two critical requirements for sucrose substitutes, namely, being nutritionally appropriate and not being detrimental to the overall general health of the individual. The use of a greater variety of confectionary containing sucrose substitutes and the development of new substitutes with high nutritional value are essential in the battle against caries. In this paper we review in detail the characteristics of sucrose substitutes currently in use, their role in caries prevention and promotion of oral health.
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