![]() | "Descrizione" by Al222 (20733 pt) | 2024-Feb-19 09:08 |
Troxerutina è un derivato semisintetico della rutina, un bioflavonoide trovato in molte piante, compresi agrumi, uva e tè. È utilizzata principalmente per le sue proprietà antiossidanti, antinfiammatorie e vaso protettive. La troxerutina è impiegata nel trattamento di disturbi venosi, come l'insufficienza venosa cronica, le emorroidi e le varici, e per ridurre il gonfiore e i sintomi associati a queste condizioni.
Composizione. La troxerutina è un derivato della rutina, modificata per migliorare la sua solubilità e biodisponibilità nel corpo umano. Questo la rende più efficace nel raggiungere e agire sui tessuti bersaglio.
Processo di sintesi chimica industriale:
La produzione di Troxerutina segue un processo dettagliato che coinvolge sia la sintesi chimica che l'estrazione da fonti naturali.
A cosa serve e dove si usa
Viene utilizzata in forma di gel, crema o compresse per il trattamento topico e sistemico di disturbi venosi. È anche impiegata in alcuni integratori alimentari per le sue proprietà antiossidanti.
Medicina
Proprietà. Combatte lo stress ossidativo neutralizzando i radicali liberi, proteggendo così le cellule e i tessuti dai danni (1).
Effetti. Riduce l'infiammazione modulando l'attività dei mediatori infiammatori, il che è particolarmente utile nel trattamento delle condizioni venose e nella protezione del fegato (2)
Protezione. Migliora la salute dei vasi sanguigni aumentando il tono venoso e riducendo la permeabilità capillare (3), che aiuta a prevenire l'edema e favorisce la circolazione sanguigna.
Sicurezza
La troxerutina è generalmente ben tollerata, con effetti collaterali minori. Tuttavia, come per qualsiasi supplemento o medicinale, è consigliabile consultare un professionista sanitario prima dell'uso, specialmente in gravidanza o allattamento.
Cosmetica - Funzioni INCI
Agente condizionante della pelle. Rappresenta il perno del trattamento topico della pelle in quanto ha la funzione di ripristinare, aumentare o migliorare la tolleranza cutanea a fattori esterni, compresa la tolleranza dei melanociti. La funzione più importante dell'agente condizionante è prevenire la disidratazione della pelle, ma il tema è piuttosto complesso e coinvolge emollienti ed umettanti che possono essere aggiunti nella formulazione.
CAS 7085-55-4 31511-30-5
EC number 230-389-4 250-670-5
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Molecular Formula C33H42O19
Molecular Weight 742.7 g/mol
CAS 7085-55-4
UNII 7Y4N11PXO8
EC Number 230-389-4
DTXSID4045929
Nikkaji J9.645H
Synonyms
Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________
(1) Lim KM, An S, Lee OK, Lee MJ, Lee JP, Lee KS, Lee GT, Lee KK, Bae S. Analysis of changes in microRNA expression profiles in response to the troxerutin-mediated antioxidant effect in human dermal papilla cells. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Aug;12(2):2650-60. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3717.
Abstract. Dermal papilla (DP) cells function as important regulators of the hair growth cycle. The loss of these cells is a primary cause of diseases characterized by hair loss, including alopecia, and evidence has revealed significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hair tissue and DP cells in the balding population. In the present study, troxerutin, a flavonoid derivative of rutin, was demonstrated to have a protective effect against H2O2-mediated cellular damage in human DP (HDP) cells. Biochemical assays revealed that pretreatment with troxerutin exerted a protective effect against H2O2-induced loss of cell viability and H2O2-induced cell death. Further experiments confirmed that troxerutin inhibited the H2O2-induced production of ROS and upregulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Using microRNA (miRNA) microarrays, the present study identified 24 miRNAs, which were differentially expressed in the troxerutin-pretreated, H2O2-treated HDP cells. Subsequent prediction using bioinformatics analysis revealed that the altered miRNAs were functionally involved in several cell signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase and WNT pathways. Overall, these results indicated that ROS-mediated cellular damage was inhibited by troxerutin and suggested that the use of troxerutin may be an effective approach in the treatment of alopecia.
(2) Shan Q, Zhuang J, Zheng G, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Lu J, Zheng Y. Troxerutin Reduces Kidney Damage against BDE-47-Induced Apoptosis via Inhibiting NOX2 Activity and Increasing Nrf2 Activity. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:6034692. doi: 10.1155/2017/6034692. Epub 2017 Oct 15. PMID: 29163754; PMCID: PMC5661100.
Abstract. 2,2,4,4-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), one of the persistent organic pollutants, seriously influences the quality of life; however, its pathological mechanism remains unclear. Troxerutin is a flavonoid with pharmacological activity of antioxidation and anti-inflammation. In the present study, we investigated troxerutin against BDE-47-induced kidney cell apoptosis and explored the underlying mechanism. The results show that troxerutin reduced renal cell apoptosis and urinary protein secretion in BDE-47-treated mice. Western blot analysis shows that troxerutin supplement enhanced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax; inhibited the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the activation of procaspase-9 and procaspase-3, and the cleavage of PARP; and reduced FAS, FASL, and caspase-8 levels induced by BDE-47. In addition, troxerutin decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Furthermore, troxerutin blunted Nrf2 ubiquitylation, enhanced the activity of Nrf2, decreased the activity of NOX2, and ameliorated kidney oxidant status of BDE-47-treated mice. Together, these results confirm that troxerutin could alleviate the cytotoxicity of BDE-47 through antioxidation and antiapoptosis, which suggests that its protective mechanism is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis via suppressing NOX2 activity and increasing Nrf2 signaling pathway.
(3) Casili G, Lanza M, Campolo M, Messina S, Scuderi S, Ardizzone A, Filippone A, Paterniti I, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Vascul Pharmacol. 2021 Apr;137:106825. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106825.
Abstract. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common disorder associated with a variety of symptoms in later disease stages; despite the high prevalence of this pathology, suitable pharmaceutical therapies have not been explored to date. In this context, it was recently reported that a chronic increase in venous wall stress or biomechanical stretch is sufficient to cause development of varicose veins. Recent evidence demonstrate that flavonoids are natural substances that convey the circulatory system functionality, playing a key role in blood flow. Particularly, troxerutin, diosmin and horse chestnut extract, appear protective for the management of vascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a flavonoid compound, containing troxerutin, diosmin and horse chestnut extract on in vitro model on HUVECs cells, due to its production of vasculoregulatory and vasculotropic molecules, on an ex-vivo model on mesenteric vessel contraction, to regularize mesenteric microcirculation and on in vivo model of CVI-induced by saphene vein ligation. Furthermore, the flavonoid compound capacity of extensibility and compatibility with peripheral veins was investigated through a tissue block culture study. The degree of absorption, the contractile venous activity, the histological analysis, the immunoistochemical and immunofluorescence evaluation for VEGF and CD34 were performed, together with inflammatory mediators dosage. For the first time, this research revealed the therapeutic potential of a compound, enriched with flavonoids, to be a supportive treatment, suitable to reduce varicose vein pathophysiology and to regularize venous tone.
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