D&C Violet No. 2 (CI 60725) is a chemical compound, a synthetic purple dye with an anthraquinone unit and is also known as Solvent Violet 13.

Dyes that contain anthraquinone (an organic aromatic compound derived from anthracene) are characteristically bright in colour.

Chemical Name

1-hydroxy-4-(4-methylanilino)anthracene-9,10-dione

Chemical Industrial Synthesis Process

• Preparation of reagents. The main raw materials include phthalic anhydride, benzene, and concentrated sulfuric acid.
• Synthesis of anthraquinone intermediate. The production of CI 60725 begins with the condensation of phthalic anhydride with benzene in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, forming the anthraquinone intermediate.
• Substitution. The anthraquinone is further treated with specific reagents to introduce functional groups that impart the desired color. This may include sulfonation, nitration, or other substitution reactions.
• Oxidation. The functionalized structure undergoes an oxidation reaction to complete the formation of the anthraquinone chromophore, which is responsible for the coloring properties of CI 60725.
• Purification. The crude CI 60725 product is purified using techniques such as crystallization, filtration, and chromatography to remove impurities and achieve a high-purity colorant.
• Stabilization. The purified CI 60725 is stabilized to ensure its stability during transportation and storage, preventing degradation and oxidation.
• Quality control. The CI 60725 undergoes rigorous quality testing to ensure it meets standards for purity, color intensity, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.

What it is used for and where

Cosmetics

Restricted cosmetic ingredient as IV/89 (CI 60725) II/1363 (Solvent Violet 13; CI 60725): when used as a substance in hair dye products)  a Relevant Item in the Annexes of the European Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009. Substance or ingredient reported:

• 1-Hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone

Safety

Use in hair colouring products is prohibited.

Molecular Formula     C₂₁H₁₅NO₃

Molecular Weight    329.3 g/mol

CAS   81-48-1

EC number 201-353-5

UNII 350KA7O6HK

DTXSID1026293

Synonyms: 

Solvent Violet 13

CI 60725

Quinizarin Blue

Oil Violet IRS