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 | "Descrizione" by admin (19362 pt) | 2024-Jun-02 15:30 |
Iron Oxide Black, known as iron oxide black, is chemically classified as an inorganic colorant. This pigment is composed primarily of ferrous-ferric oxide (Fe3O4) and is widely used in various industrial and cosmetic applications due to its distinctive black color and excellent stability.
Chemical Name
oxoiron;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron Iron Oxide Black
Chemical Composition and Structure
Iron Oxide Black is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Fe3O4. It consists chiefly of ferrous-ferric oxide, which includes iron in both the +2 and +3 oxidation states combined with oxygen. This composition gives the pigment its characteristic black color.
Physical Properties
This pigment typically appears as a fine black powder. It has a high density and excellent covering power. Iron Oxide Black is known for its chemical stability, resistance to light and heat, and inert nature, making it suitable for long-lasting applications. Its opacity and strong tinting strength make it a versatile pigment for various uses.
Iron Oxide Black is an insoluble powder but miscible in oils and water. It has high covering power and high tinting strength. It is easily dispersible, shows excellent light fastness and resistance to external weathering. Non-toxic, non-irritating.
Iron oxide and hydroxide are chemicals of various colors used as food additives in the food industry and are labeled with the number E172 as food additives.
The complete table includes:
Typical characteristics of commercial dyes:
Item | Red | Yellow | Black | Green | Orange | Blue | Brown |
Content % | ≥96 | ≥86 | ≥90 | ≥88 | ≥88 | ||
Oil absorption ml/100g | 15-25 | 25-35 | 15-25 | 25-35 | 20-30 | 25-35 | 20-30 |
Res.on 325 mesh % | ≤0.3 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.3 |
Water soluble salts % | ≤0.3 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.3 | ≤2.5 | ≤0.5 |
Moisture % | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 |
PH value | 3-7 | 3-7 | 5-8 | 6-9 | 3-7 | ≥6.0 | 4-7 |
Tamped apparent density g/cm3 | 0.7-1.1 | 0.4-0.6 | 0.8-1.2 | 0.4-0.8 | 0.4-0.6 | 0.4-0.8 | 0.8-1.2 |
Particle Shape | Spherical | Acicular | Spherical | Irregular | Irregular | Irregular | Irregular |
Dye Strength % | 95~105 | 95~105 | 95~105 | 95~105 | 95~105 | 95~105 | 95~105 |
Dye Difference △E | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 |
Industrial surface treatments:
Chemical Industrial Synthesis Process
What it is used for and where
Cosmetics
Restricted cosmetic ingredient as IV/137 a Relevant Item in the Annexes of the European Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009. Substance or ingredient reported:
Cosmetics - INCI Functions
Colorant. This ingredient has the function of colouring the solution in which it is inserted in a temporary, semi-permanent or permanent manner, either alone or in the presence of the complementary components added for colouring.
Iron Oxide Black is used in cosmetic products such as eyeliners, mascaras, eyeshadows, and foundations due to its intense black color and high opacity. It provides long-lasting color.
Applications.
Cosmetics, construction, paints, detergents, waterproof flooring, ceramics, PVC, plastics, glues, pharmaceuticals, medicine.
Paints and Coatings: In the paint industry, iron oxide black is used to achieve deep black shades and enhance UV resistance. Its stability and strong tinting properties make it ideal for both decorative and protective coatings.
Plastics and Polymers: This pigment is employed in the production of plastics and polymers to improve color uniformity and opacity. It is commonly used in products like automotive parts, packaging materials, and consumer goods.
Ceramics and Glass: Iron Oxide Black is used in the production of ceramics and glass to achieve stable black colors. It is particularly valued for its resistance to high-temperature processes.
Inks: The pigment is also used in printing inks to produce intense black colors, ensuring high-quality and durable prints.
Ultraviolet rays from the sun cause skin aging and smartphones emit high-energy visible light from which you should protect yourself. Iron oxides (yellow, red and black) in sunscreens have the property of effectively blocking high-energy visible light especially when combined with zinc oxide (1).
Safety
Iron Oxide Black is generally considered safe for use in consumer products when handled according to proper safety procedures. It is important to avoid inhalation of the powder and minimize direct contact with skin and eyes (1).
Studies
Ultraviolet rays from the sun cause skin aging and smartphones emit high-energy visible light from which you should protect yourself. Iron oxides (yellow, red and black) in sunscreens have the property of effectively blocking high-energy visible light especially when combined with zinc oxide (1).
As regards food safety, being an additive also added in fruits and vegetables, for these foods a maximum permissible level of 6 milligrams per kilo body and the formula "enough" in 48 categories of food (Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008). Within these categories of foods, iron oxides and hydroxides are allowed in liquid food supplements, food supplements in syrup, in solid form, including capsules and tablets and similar forms, excluding chewable. However, EFSA recommends further scientific analysis (3).
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Synonyms:
Iron Oxide Black
Pigment Black 11
Black Iron Oxide
CI77499
E172 (i)
Ferric oxide
References____________________________________________________________________
(1) Aquilina, G., Azimonti, G., Bampidis, V., de Lourdes Bastos, M., Bories, G., Chesson, A., ... & Wester, P. (2016). Safety and efficacy of iron compounds (E1) as feed additives for all species: ferric oxide based on a dossier submitted by Poortershaven Industriële Mineralen BV. EFSA JOURNAL, 14(6), 1-26.
Abstract. The additive under assessment, ferric oxide, contains between 57% and 69% iron (Fe). The EFSA FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety of ferric oxide for the target animals owing to that (i) the application of ferric oxide red is for all animal species, (ii) lifetime administration to animals is not excluded and (iii) a sufficient biological and toxicological database was not available. Regarding (i) the very low absorption of iron from the ferric oxide by target animals and (ii) the homoeostatic regulation of iron metabolism in animals, any influence of feeding the ferric oxide on the iron content of edible tissues and products is not expected. The use of ferric oxide in animal nutrition is unlikely to result in a direct exposure of the consumer to this oxide. Consequently, the supplementation of feed for food-producing animals with ferric oxide would likely not constitute a risk to consumers. Ferric oxide is an irritant to skin and eyes by mechanical action. Owing to the nickel content in the additive, the ferric oxide
(2) Bernstein EF, Sarkas HW, Boland P. Iron oxides in novel skin care formulations attenuate blue light for enhanced protection against skin damage. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Feb;20(2):532-537. doi: 10.1111/jocd.13803.
(3) EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)
First published: 08 December 2015 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4317
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