Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Roosterman D, Cottrell GS. Rethinking the Citric Acid Cycle: Connecting Pyruvate Carboxylase and Citrate Synthase to the Flow of Energy and Material. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 9;22(2):604. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020604. 

Abstract. In 1937, Sir H. A Krebs first published the Citric Acid Cycle, a unidirectional cycle with carboxylic acids. The original concept of the Citric Acid Cycle from Krebs' 1953 Nobel Prize lecture illustrates the unidirectional degradation of lactic acid to water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Here, we add the heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex, connecting the original Citric Acid Cycle to the flow of energy and material. 

Berovic M, Legisa M. Citric acid production. Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2007;13:303-43. doi: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13011-8.

Abstract. Biochemistry of citric acid fermentation, various microbial strains, as well as various substrates, technological processes and product recovery are presented. World production and economics aspects of this strategically product of bulk biotechnology are discussed.

Zazgornik J, Mittermayer H. Citric acid inhibits growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro: a new strategy for eradication. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2011 Jan;123(1-2):38-40. doi: 10.1007/s00508-010-1524-9.

Abstract.  Citric acid is a cheap substance present in many fruits and produced by food industry, and it demonstrated powerful inhibitory effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori strains. On the basis of our findings citric acid should be further evaluated for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

Huang WC, Li B, Qi X, Mao X. New type of green extractant for oil production: Citric acid/citric acid sodium extraction system. Food Chem. 2020 Apr 25;310:125815. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125815.

Abstract. The extraction of edible oils was achieved without the use of toxic chemicals or energy-intensive equipment. This study provided a green and efficient method, and showed the potential of the proposed citric acid/citric acid sodium extraction system for production of edible oils from natural sources.

Tandon S, Singh B, Kapoor S, Mangal S. Comparison of Effect of pH Modulation on Wound Healing with Topical Application of Citric Acid Versus Superoxide Ions. Niger J Surg. 2020 Jul-Dec;26(2):122-126. doi: 10.4103/njs.NJS_14_19.

Abstract. The objective of the study is compare the effect of pH modulation on wound healing with topical application of citric acid versus superoxide ions. The aim is to study the efficacy and safety of citric acid versus superoxide ions in the prevention and control of infection and their effect on wound healing in similar wound types.

Xie G, West TP. Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger on wet corn distillers grains. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2006 Sep;43(3):269-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01958.x.

Abstract. To determine which citric acid-producing strain of Aspergillus niger utilized wet corn distillers grains most effectively to produce citric acid.

Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives with a review of general principles and of specifications. Seventeenth report of the joint FAO-WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1974;539:1-40.

Thompson AA, Baillie JK, Bates MG, Schnopp MF, Simpson A, Partridge RW, Drummond GB, Mason NP. The citric acid cough threshold and the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide on ascent to high altitude. Respir Med. 2009 Aug;103(8):1182-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.02.007.

Abstract. We conclude that the change in citric acid cough threshold seen on exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is unlikely to be mediated by changes in the central control of cough. Sensitivity to citric acid may be due to early subclinical pulmonary edema stimulating airway sensory nerve endings.

 Max B, Salgado JM, Rodríguez N, Cortés S, Converti A, Domínguez JM. Biotechnological production of citric acid. Braz J Microbiol. 2010 Oct;41(4):862-75. doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822010000400005.

Abstract. This work provides a review about the biotechnological production of citric acid starting from the physicochemical properties and industrial applications, mainly in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.

Rywińska A, Juszczyk P, Wojtatowicz M, Rymowicz W. Chemostat study of citric acid production from glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica. J Biotechnol. 2011 Mar 10;152(1-2):54-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.01.007. 

Abstract. The aim of the study was to examine how the dilution rate and the chemical composition of the production medium impacts on the synthesis of citric acid by the Yarrowia lipolytica strain Wratislavia AWG7 from glycerol in a chemostat culture.