Petroselinum Crispum Leaf Oil is extracted from the leaves of the Petroselinum crispum plant, commonly known as parsley. This aromatic oil is well-regarded for its refreshing scent and various therapeutic properties. Rich in essential oils, Petroselinum Crispum Leaf Oil is valued in cosmetic formulations for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-conditioning effects. It enhances the overall health and appearance of the skin while providing a natural fragrance.

Chemical Composition and Structure

Petroselinum Crispum Leaf Oil contains:

• Essential Oils: Rich in compounds such as apiol and myristicin, which contribute to its characteristic aroma and provide therapeutic benefits.
• Flavonoids: Antioxidant compounds that protect the skin from oxidative stress and environmental damage.
• Vitamins: Contains vitamins A, C, and K, which are essential for maintaining healthy skin.
• Fatty Acids: Essential fatty acids that support skin hydration and barrier function.

The unique composition of Petroselinum Crispum Leaf Oil allows it to effectively nourish, protect, and revitalize the skin.

Physical Properties

• Appearance: Typically a clear to pale yellow liquid.

• Solubility: Soluble in oils and alcohol; limited solubility in water.

• pH: Generally neutral, ensuring compatibility with various cosmetic formulations.

• Odor: Characteristic fresh and herbaceous scent, aromatic and pleasant.

• Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; should be protected from excessive heat and light.

Production Process

1. Harvesting: The leaves of the Petroselinum crispum plant are harvested during the growing season for optimal potency and aroma.

2. Extraction: The oil is obtained through steam distillation or cold-press methods to retain beneficial properties.

3. Purification: The extracted oil is purified to remove impurities and ensure a high-quality product.

4. Formulation: Purified Petroselinum Crispum Leaf Oil is incorporated into various cosmetic products to enhance their aromatic and therapeutic properties.

Applications

• Medical: Used in topical formulations for its soothing properties and ability to reduce skin irritation and inflammation.

• Cosmetics: Commonly found in creams, lotions, and serums for its hydrating and antioxidant benefits. It improves skin texture, promotes a healthy appearance, and enhances the overall sensory experience.

• Aromatherapy: Utilized for its uplifting and refreshing aroma, contributing to mood enhancement and relaxation.

Environmental and Safety Considerations

Petroselinum Crispum Leaf Oil is generally regarded as safe for use in cosmetics when applied according to recommended guidelines. It is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin. Responsible sourcing and formulation practices are essential to ensure that the ingredient is free from harmful contaminants and produced sustainably.

INCI Functions:

Fragrance. It plays a very important role in the formulation of cosmetic products as it provides the possibility of enhancing, masking or adding fragrance to the final product, increasing its marketability. It is able to create a perceptible pleasant odour, masking a bad smell. The consumer always expects to find a pleasant or distinctive scent in a cosmetic product. 

Perfuming. Unlike fragrance, which can also contain slightly less pleasant or characteristic odours, the term perfume indicates only very pleasant fragrances. Used for perfumes and aromatic raw materials.

CAS 84012-33-9

EC number 281-677-1

Environmental and Safety Considerations

Generally regarded as safe for topical application, however, like all extracts, it should be used in accordance with established guidelines to avoid potential allergic reactions or skin irritations. People with allergies or very sensitive skin should be careful.

 It is important to ensure that the extract is sustainably sourced and free from harmful chemicals.

Studies

Its components flavonoids, coumarin, tocopherol, carotenoids and ascorbic acid give this herb antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive activity.

Vitamin C, an antioxidant, is present with a high content, 248 mg/100g and chlorophyll which has an inhibitory effect on the dehydration of calcium oxalate with 0,185mg/g (1).

Overall, parsley has been shown to be effective in preventing urolithiasis (the process of stone formation in the urinary tract) (2).

In this study, the histopathological and biochemical results of oral administration of a parsley-rich diet demonstrated efficacy in reducing stress-induced gastric lesions by supporting the cellular antioxidant defense system (3).

Scientific evidence of the traditional use of parsley extract as an anti-diabetic agent and antioxidant in type 1 diabetes mellitus is confirmed in this other study (4).

Parsley studies

References_________________________________________________________________________

(1) Kuźma P, Drużyńska B, Obiedziński M. Optimization of extraction conditions of some polyphenolic compounds from parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum). Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2014 Apr-Jun;13(2):145-54. doi: 10.17306/j.afs.2014.2.4. PMID: 24876310.

Abstract. Background: Parsley leaf is a rich source of natural antioxidants, which serve a lot of functions in human body and prevent food from oxidation processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of different extraction solvents and times of extraction on natural antioxidants content. Owing to the knowledge of the properties of extracted components and solvents, as well as their interactions, it is possible to achieve a high effectiveness of active compounds recovery.....Results and discussion: In this study the best extraction solvent for polyphenols was acetone 70% and for catechins was distilled water. All extracts examined displayed the antioxidative activity, but water was the best solvent in the method of assaying the activity against ABTS(•+) and Fe(2+) ions chelating capability, whereas methanol turned out to be the least effective in this respect. Opposite results were observed in the case of determining the activity against DPPH(•). The prolongation of the extraction time enhanced or decreased antiradical activity in some cases. Additionally, important biologically active compounds in parsley leaves, such as vitamin C (248.31 mg/100 g dry matter), carotenoids (31.28 mg/100 g dry matter), chlorophyll (0.185 mg/g dry matter) were also analysed.

(2) Nirumand MC, Hajialyani M, Rahimi R, Farzaei MH, Zingue S, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Dietary Plants for the Prevention and Management of Kidney Stones: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Mar 7;19(3):765. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030765. 

Abstract. Kidney stones are one of the oldest known and common diseases in the urinary tract system. Various human studies have suggested that diets with a higher intake of vegetables and fruits play a role in the prevention of kidney stones. In this review, we have provided an overview of these dietary plants, their main chemical constituents, and their possible mechanisms of action. Camellia sinensis (green tea), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Rubia cordifolia (common madder), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Pistacia lentiscus (mastic), Solanum xanthocarpum (yellow-fruit nightshade), Urtica dioica (stinging nettle), Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), Ammi visnaga (khella), Nigella sativa (black-cumin), Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle), and Origanum vulgare (oregano) have received considerable interest based on scientific evidence. Beside these dietary plants, phytochemicals-such as catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, diosmin, rutin, quercetin, hyperoside, and curcumin-as antioxidant dietary phyto-phenols were found to be effective for the prevention of urolithiasis (the process of stone formation in the urinary tract). The main underlying mechanisms of these dietary plants and their isolated phytonutrients in the management of urolithiasis include diuretic, antispasmodic, and antioxidant activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on crystallization, nucleation, and aggregation of crystals. The results as presented in this review demonstrate the promising role of dietary plants and phytophenols in the prevention and management of kidney stones. Further investigations are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of these compounds.

(3) Akıncı A, Eşrefoğlu M, Taşlıdere E, Ateş B. Petroselinum Crispum is Effective in Reducing Stress-Induced Gastric Oxidative Damage. Balkan Med J. 2017 Jan;34(1):53-59. doi: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2015.1411. 

Abstract. Background: Oxidative stress has been shown to play a principal role in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric injury. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) contains many antioxidants such as flavanoids, carotenoids and ascorbic acid. Aims: In this study, the histopathological and biochemical results of nutrition with a parsley-rich diet in terms of eliminating stress-induced oxidative gastric injury were evaluated.....Conclusion: Oral administration of parsley is effective in reducing stress-induced gastric injury by supporting the cellular antioxidant defence system.

(4) Abou Khalil NS, Abou-Elhamd AS, Wasfy SI, El Mileegy IM, Hamed MY, Ageely HM. Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Impacts of Desert Date (Balanites aegyptiaca) and Parsley (Petroselinum sativum) Aqueous Extracts: Lessons from Experimental Rats. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:8408326. doi: 10.1155/2016/8408326. 

Abstract. Medicinal plants are effective in controlling plasma glucose level with minimal side effects and are commonly used in developing countries as an alternative therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential antidiabetic and antioxidant impacts of Balanites aegyptiaca and Petroselinum sativum extracts on streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal rats. The influences of these extracts on body weight, plasma glucose, insulin, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and liver-pyruvate kinase (L-PK) levels were assessed. Furthermore, the weight and histomorphological changes of the pancreas were studied in the different experimental groups. The herbal preparations significantly reduced the mean plasma glucose and MDA levels and significantly increased the mean plasma insulin, L-PK, and TAC levels in the treated diabetic groups compared to the diabetic control group. An obvious increase in the weight of the pancreas and the size of the islets of Langerhans and improvement in the histoarchitecture were evident in the treated groups compared to untreated ones. In conclusion, the present study provides a scientific evidence for the traditional use of these extracts as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents in type 1 diabetes mellitus.