Garcinia Mangostana Seed Oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana), a tropical plant known for its powerful antioxidant and regenerative properties. This oil is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and bioactive compounds, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare and haircare products. It is known for its moisturizing, soothing, and protective properties, helping to improve skin elasticity and combat signs of aging.

Chemical Composition and Structure

This oil is rich in oleic acid, linoleic acid, and other bioactive components such as xanthones and flavonoids, which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Its chemical composition includes a mixture of triglycerides, with a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids known for their ability to nourish and protect the skin. It also contains vitamin E, a potent antioxidant.

Physical Properties

It is a light oil with a pale yellow color and a non-greasy texture that absorbs quickly into the skin. It is soluble in oils and organic solvents but insoluble in water. Due to its lightness, the oil does not clog pores and leaves the skin soft and silky, making it ideal for cosmetic formulations that require a nourishing and moisturizing effect without heaviness.

Production Process

Garcinia Mangostana Seed Oil is extracted through cold pressing of the fruit’s seeds, a process that preserves the nutritional quality and bioactive properties of the oil. Cold extraction ensures that the essential fatty acids and antioxidant compounds remain intact, giving the oil its beneficial properties for skin and hair.

Applications

• Skincare: Used in creams, lotions, and serums for its moisturizing and regenerative properties. It helps maintain the skin’s hydro-lipid balance, improving elasticity and reducing signs of aging such as wrinkles and fine lines.

• Haircare: The oil is employed in hair products such as masks and nourishing oils to hydrate and strengthen dry and damaged hair. Its light texture does not weigh down the hair and adds shine.

• Soothing and Anti-inflammatory Products: Its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties make it ideal for products aimed at sensitive, red, or irritated skin. It can also be used in after-sun products to soothe sun-exposed skin.

INCI Functions:

Hair conditioning agent. A significant number of ingredients with specific and targeted purposes may co-exist in hair shampoo formulations: cleansers, conditioners, thickeners, matting agents, sequestering agents, fragrances, preservatives, special additives. However, the indispensable ingredients are the cleansers and conditioners as they are necessary and sufficient for hair cleansing and manageability. The others act as commercial and non-essential auxiliaries such as: appearance, fragrance, colouring, etc. Hair conditioning agents have the task of increasing shine, manageability and volume, and reducing static electricity, especially after treatments such as colouring, ironing, waving, drying and brushing. They are, in practice, dispersants that may contain cationic surfactants, thickeners, emollients, polymers. The typology of hair conditioning agents includes: intensive conditioners, instant conditioners, thickening conditioners, drying conditioners. They can perform their task generally accompanied by other different ingredients.

Skin conditioning agent. It is the mainstay of topical skin treatment as it has the function of restoring, increasing or improving skin tolerance to external factors, including melanocyte tolerance. The most important function of the conditioning agent is to prevent skin dehydration, but the subject is rather complex and involves emollients and humectants that can be added in the formulation.

CAS: 90045-25-3     289-884-9

Health and Safety Considerations

Safety in Use
Garcinia Mangostana Seed Oil is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products. It is well tolerated by the skin and suitable for use on sensitive skin. Major regulatory authorities, such as the European Union and the FDA, allow its use in cosmetics without significant restrictions.

Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions to Garcinia Mangostana Seed Oil are rare, but as with any natural ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test before use, especially on sensitive or reactive skin.

Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
It is widely used in cosmetic products and dietary supplements and is considered safe for long-term use.

Environmental Considerations
As a product derived from renewable plant sources, Garcinia Mangostana Seed Oil is eco-friendly and biodegradable. However, it is important to ensure that the harvesting of mangosteen fruit is sustainable to protect local ecosystems and prevent deforestation.

Regulatory Status
Garcinia Mangostana Seed Oil is approved for use in cosmetics by major regulatory authorities, including the European Union and the FDA in the United States. It is commonly used in skincare and haircare formulations, especially in anti-aging and soothing products.

References__________________________________________________________________________

Shan T, Ma Q, Guo K, Liu J, Li W, Wang F, Wu E. Xanthones from mangosteen extracts as natural chemopreventive agents: potential anticancer drugs. Curr Mol Med. 2011 Nov;11(8):666-77. doi: 10.2174/156652411797536679. 

Abstract. Despite decades of research, the treatment and management of malignant tumors still remain a formidable challenge for public health. New strategies for cancer treatment are being developed, and one of the most promising treatment strategies involves the application of chemopreventive agents. The search for novel and effective cancer chemopreventive agents has led to the identification of various naturally occurring compounds. Xanthones, from the pericarp, whole fruit, heartwood, and leaf of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn., GML), are known to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacologic properties, including antioxidant, anti- tumor, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activities. The potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities of xanthones have been demonstrated in different stages of carcinogenesis (initiation, promotion, and progression) and are known to control cell division and growth, apoptosis, inflammation, and metastasis. Multiple lines of evidence from numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that xanthones inhibit proliferation of a wide range of human tumor cell types by modulating various targets and signaling transduction pathways. Here we provide a concise and comprehensive review of preclinical data and assess the observed anticancer effects of xanthones, supporting its remarkable potential as an anticancer agent.

Barua A, Choudhury P, Mandal S, Panda CK, Saha P. Therapeutic potential of xanthones from Swertia chirata in breast cancer cells. Indian J Med Res. 2020 Sep;152(3):285-295. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1153_18.

Abstract. Background & objectives: Medicinal plants like Swertia chirata are rich sources of different xanthones. This study was aimed to assess the cytotoxic potential of four most abundant xanthones present in S. chirata both in vivo and in vitro in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), a mouse transplantable breast carcinoma cell line and two human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231).....Results: Among all the xanthones tested XD showed IC50at the lowest dose, and normal cells were unaffected at this dose. Survivability of mice increased significantly when treated with XD compared to other xanthones and cisplatin. Significantly increased ROS and LPO were found in cancer cells as a result of XD treatment which was unaltered in normal cell line. XD induced DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Interpretation & conclusions: Our experimental data indicate that XD may potentially act as a chemotherapeutic agent by enhancing ROS in breast cancer cells thereby leading to apoptosis.

Feng Z, Lu X, Gan L, Zhang Q, Lin L. Xanthones, A Promising Anti-Inflammatory Scaffold: Structure, Activity, and Drug Likeness Analysis. Molecules. 2020 Jan 30;25(3):598. doi: 10.3390/molecules25030598.

Abstract. Inflammation is the body's self-protective response to multiple stimulus, from external harmful substances to internal danger signals released after trauma or cell dysfunction. Many diseases are considered to be related to inflammation, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. Current therapeutic approaches include mainly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids, which are generally of limited effectiveness and severe side-effects. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Xanthones, a unique scaffold with a 9H-Xanthen-9-one core structure, widely exist in natural sources. Till now, over 250 xanthones were isolated and identified in plants from the families Gentianaceae and Hypericaceae. Many xanthones have been disclosed with anti-inflammatory properties on different models, either in vitro or in vivo. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of xanthones with anti-inflammatory properties, and analyzed their drug likeness, which might be potential therapeutic agents to fight against inflammation-related diseases.

Nauman MC, Johnson JJ. The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana): Defining the anticancer potential of selected xanthones. Pharmacol Res. 2022 Jan;175:106032. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106032. 

Panda SS, Chand M, Sakhuja R, Jain SC. Xanthones as potential antioxidants. Curr Med Chem. 2013;20(36):4481-507. doi: 10.2174/09298673113209990144. 

Klein-Júnior LC, Campos A, Niero R, Corrêa R, Vander Heyden Y, Filho VC. Xanthones and Cancer: from Natural Sources to Mechanisms of Action. Chem Biodivers. 2020 Feb;17(2):e1900499. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201900499.