Garcinia Mangostana Fruit Extract, derived from the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana), is a rich source of antioxidants known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and regenerative properties. Mangosteen has long been prized in traditional medicine and modern cosmetics for its ability to enhance skin health, thanks to bioactive compounds like xanthones and polyphenols, which help protect the skin from free radical damage and promote cell regeneration.

Chemical Composition and Structure

Itcontains a wide range of active compounds, including xanthones, flavonoids, polyphenols, vitamin C, and fiber. Xanthones, in particular, are powerful antioxidants that neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation. The main xanthones found in the fruit include alpha-mangostin and gamma-mangostin, which give the extract its remarkable therapeutic and regenerative properties.

Physical Properties

The extract typically appears as a concentrated liquid or fine powder with a yellowish or orange color, soluble in water and alcoholic solvents. Due to its polyphenol content, it is highly stable and retains its antioxidant properties in cosmetic formulations, protecting the skin from environmental stressors.

Production Process

The extract is obtained through aqueous or alcoholic extraction methods, isolating the bioactive compounds from the fruit. The goal of the extraction process is to preserve the highest concentration of xanthones and antioxidants, ensuring the potency and efficacy of the extract in cosmetic applications. Once extracted, the product is concentrated and stabilized for use in various beauty formulations.

• Harvesting the Fruit: Garcinia mangostana fruits are harvested when ripe. It is important to collect the fruits sustainably to ensure the quality of the plant material.

• Drying: After harvesting, the fruits are cleaned and subjected to a drying process to remove moisture. This step is crucial for preserving the active properties of the extract and facilitating subsequent extraction.

• Extraction: The extraction of active principles occurs using appropriate solvents, such as water, ethanol, or methanol. The dried pulp of the fruits is immersed in the solvent, and the mixture is agitated or heated to promote the release of bioactive compounds.

• Filtration: Once the extraction process is complete, the obtained solution is filtered to remove undissolved solids, resulting in a liquid extract containing the active principles of the fruit.

• Concentration: The extract may be further concentrated by evaporating the solvent to obtain a product richer in nutrients and with greater stability.

• Quality Control and Packaging: Finally, Garcinia mangostana fruit extract undergoes quality control checks to verify its purity, efficacy, and compliance with standards. After analysis, it is packaged for distribution and use in cosmetic products and dietary supplements.

Applications

• Skincare: Garcinia Mangostana Fruit Extract is commonly used in creams, serums, and lotions for its antioxidant and anti-aging properties. It helps protect the skin from free radical damage and improves skin texture, making the skin more elastic and radiant.

• Anti-inflammatory Products: Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, the extract is useful for soothing irritated or inflamed skin and can be used in products designed for sensitive or acne-prone skin.

INCI Functions:

Skin conditioning agent. It is the mainstay of topical skin treatment as it has the function of restoring, increasing or improving skin tolerance to external factors, including melanocyte tolerance. The most important function of the conditioning agent is to prevent skin dehydration, but the subject is rather complex and involves emollients and humectants that can be added in the formulation.

CAS: 90045-25-3     289-884-9

• Antimicrobial Products: The extract also has natural antimicrobial effects, making it ideal for use in products aimed at preventing skin infections and improving overall skin appearance.

Health and Safety Considerations

Safety in Use
Garcinia Mangostana Fruit Extract is considered safe for use in cosmetics and dietary supplements. It is well tolerated by the skin and poses no significant risks of irritation or sensitization. Regulatory authorities, such as the European Union and the FDA, allow its use in beauty and personal care products.

Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions to Garcinia Mangostana Fruit Extract are extremely rare. However, as with any natural ingredient, it is recommended to perform a patch test on sensitive skin before use.

Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
Its antioxidant properties are often associated with protective effects against cellular damage and oxidative stress.

Environmental Considerations
Garcinia Mangostana Fruit Extract is a natural and biodegradable product obtained from a renewable source. However, it is important to ensure that the mangosteen harvesting process is sustainable to protect natural resources and preserve local ecosystems.

Regulatory Status
Garcinia Mangostana Fruit Extract is approved for use in cosmetics and dietary supplements by major regulatory authorities, including the European Union and the FDA in the United States. It is used in a wide range of skincare formulations, particularly in anti-aging and regenerative

References__________________________________________________________________________

Shan T, Ma Q, Guo K, Liu J, Li W, Wang F, Wu E. Xanthones from mangosteen extracts as natural chemopreventive agents: potential anticancer drugs. Curr Mol Med. 2011 Nov;11(8):666-77. doi: 10.2174/156652411797536679. 

Abstract. Despite decades of research, the treatment and management of malignant tumors still remain a formidable challenge for public health. New strategies for cancer treatment are being developed, and one of the most promising treatment strategies involves the application of chemopreventive agents. The search for novel and effective cancer chemopreventive agents has led to the identification of various naturally occurring compounds. Xanthones, from the pericarp, whole fruit, heartwood, and leaf of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn., GML), are known to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacologic properties, including antioxidant, anti- tumor, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activities. The potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities of xanthones have been demonstrated in different stages of carcinogenesis (initiation, promotion, and progression) and are known to control cell division and growth, apoptosis, inflammation, and metastasis. Multiple lines of evidence from numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that xanthones inhibit proliferation of a wide range of human tumor cell types by modulating various targets and signaling transduction pathways. Here we provide a concise and comprehensive review of preclinical data and assess the observed anticancer effects of xanthones, supporting its remarkable potential as an anticancer agent.

Barua A, Choudhury P, Mandal S, Panda CK, Saha P. Therapeutic potential of xanthones from Swertia chirata in breast cancer cells. Indian J Med Res. 2020 Sep;152(3):285-295. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1153_18.

Abstract. Background & objectives: Medicinal plants like Swertia chirata are rich sources of different xanthones. This study was aimed to assess the cytotoxic potential of four most abundant xanthones present in S. chirata both in vivo and in vitro in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), a mouse transplantable breast carcinoma cell line and two human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231).....Results: Among all the xanthones tested XD showed IC50at the lowest dose, and normal cells were unaffected at this dose. Survivability of mice increased significantly when treated with XD compared to other xanthones and cisplatin. Significantly increased ROS and LPO were found in cancer cells as a result of XD treatment which was unaltered in normal cell line. XD induced DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Interpretation & conclusions: Our experimental data indicate that XD may potentially act as a chemotherapeutic agent by enhancing ROS in breast cancer cells thereby leading to apoptosis.

Feng Z, Lu X, Gan L, Zhang Q, Lin L. Xanthones, A Promising Anti-Inflammatory Scaffold: Structure, Activity, and Drug Likeness Analysis. Molecules. 2020 Jan 30;25(3):598. doi: 10.3390/molecules25030598.

Abstract. Inflammation is the body's self-protective response to multiple stimulus, from external harmful substances to internal danger signals released after trauma or cell dysfunction. Many diseases are considered to be related to inflammation, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. Current therapeutic approaches include mainly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids, which are generally of limited effectiveness and severe side-effects. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Xanthones, a unique scaffold with a 9H-Xanthen-9-one core structure, widely exist in natural sources. Till now, over 250 xanthones were isolated and identified in plants from the families Gentianaceae and Hypericaceae. Many xanthones have been disclosed with anti-inflammatory properties on different models, either in vitro or in vivo. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of xanthones with anti-inflammatory properties, and analyzed their drug likeness, which might be potential therapeutic agents to fight against inflammation-related diseases.

Nauman MC, Johnson JJ. The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana): Defining the anticancer potential of selected xanthones. Pharmacol Res. 2022 Jan;175:106032. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106032. 

Panda SS, Chand M, Sakhuja R, Jain SC. Xanthones as potential antioxidants. Curr Med Chem. 2013;20(36):4481-507. doi: 10.2174/09298673113209990144. 

Klein-Júnior LC, Campos A, Niero R, Corrêa R, Vander Heyden Y, Filho VC. Xanthones and Cancer: from Natural Sources to Mechanisms of Action. Chem Biodivers. 2020 Feb;17(2):e1900499. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201900499.