Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate è un tensioattivo anionico derivato da fonti vegetali, con proprietà detergenti e schiumogene. È  utilizzato in prodotti cosmetici e per la cura personale grazie alla sua capacità di rimuovere efficacemente sporco e olio dalla pelle e dai capelli, mantenendo una buona tollerabilità cutanea. 

Composizione chimica e struttura
Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate è il sale di sodio dell'acido 2-sulfolaurico, una molecola con una lunga catena di acidi grassi (C12) e un gruppo solfonico. Questa struttura chimica lo rende un efficace tensioattivo, con una buona capacità di abbassare la tensione superficiale e formare schiuma stabile.

Proprietà fisiche
Si presenta come una polvere bianca o granuli, solubile in acqua, con una leggera capacità schiumogena. Ha un profilo di schiuma morbido, rendendolo ideale per prodotti che richiedono una pulizia delicata con un’esperienza sensoriale piacevole.

Processo di produzione
Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate è prodotto attraverso la reazione tra l’acido laurico, derivato da fonti naturali come l’olio di cocco o di palma, e un agente solfonante. Il prodotto finale è neutralizzato con sodio per ottenere il sale disodico.

Applicazioni

• Medicina: Utilizzato in detergenti delicati per la pelle sensibile o affetta da condizioni dermatologiche.

• Cosmetici: Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate è usato in shampoo, detergenti per il viso, gel doccia e saponi liquidi per la sua capacità detergente e la compatibilità con la pelle.

Funzioni INCI

Agente di pulizia. Ingrediente che pulisce pelle senza sfruttare le proprietà tensioattive che producono un abbassamento della tensione superficiale dello strato corneo. 

Tensioattivo - Agente di pulizia. I prodotti cosmetici utilizzati per detergere la pelle utilizzano l'azione tensioattiva che produce un abbassamento della tensione superficiale dello strato corneo facilitando la rimozione di sporco e impurità. 

• Industriale: Nell'industria cosmetica, è apprezzato per il suo profilo ecologico e la sua biodegradabilità, essendo compatibile con formulazioni naturali ed eco-friendly.

Considerazioni ambientali e di sicurezza
Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate è considerato sicuro per l'uso cosmetico ed è biodegradabile. Essendo derivato da fonti vegetali rinnovabili, ha un basso impatto ambientale. Tuttavia, è importante verificare che le materie prime siano ottenute in modo sostenibile, evitando la deforestazione.

Molecular Formula  C₁₂H₂₂Na₂O₅S

Molecular Weight  324.35 g/mol

CAS     38841-48-4

UNII    329M3829G2

EC Number  853-620-6

DTXSID20889733

Synonyms:

disodium;2-sulfonatododecanoate

Bibliografia__________________________________________________________________________

Friedman, M. (2016). Chemistry, formulation, and performance of syndet and combo bars. In Soap Manufacturing Technology (pp. 73-106). AOCS Press.

Abstract: Soap is undoubtedly the oldest surfactant and skin cleanser. For thousands of years, soap has been obtained from saponification of oils and fats by alkali, the oldest recipe being boiling animal fats and wood ashes. Soap is chemically defined as the alkali salt of fatty acids. In general parlance, the term soap has taken on a more functional definition, by which any cleansing agent, regardless of its chemistry, is considered a soap. This sometimes misleading definition will be further considered as this chapter deals with the chemistry of the synthetic detergents and the soapless soap revolution. Conventional soaps that are alkaline salts of fatty acids are characterized by multiple attributes, such as very good emulsification, detergent, and usage properties, as well as ease of manufacture and low cost....This has changed the surfactant base from alkyl sulfate/disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate (DSLSS) …2000 combo bar replaced sodium cocoyl isethionate with sodium methyl 2-sulfolaurate. …

Luginbühl, M., Bekaert, B., Suesse, S., & Weinmann, W. (2019). Detox shampoos for EtG and FAEE in hair–Results from in vitro experiments. Drug testing and analysis, 11(6), 870-877.

Abstract The assessment of alcohol consumption behavior in hair is well established in forensic toxicology. The Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) recommends the direct alcohol markers ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) for the detection of past alcohol consumption. In this study, we investigated if detox shampoos which are sold online can have an impact on EtG or FAEE concentrations in hair. According to customer reviews, positive drug testing results could be avoided after long-term incubation with shampoo under a swimming cap. To evaluate the potential of four detox shampoos, we incubated distal hair samples from three subjects, obtained during a standard haircut, for 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 hours. For EtG, three shampoos performed similar to deionized water. The fourth shampoo showed additional heavy washout effects with a decrease of up to 86% after 2.5 hours. For the apolar FAEE, no washout was observed. Incubation with two shampoos resulted in increases in FAEE concentrations due to FAEE being present as shampoo ingredients. Further investigation of EtG washout in proximal forensic hair samples (n = 9) with the most potent shampoo showed a mean decrease in deionized water of 23% ± 25%, and a decrease by the use of detox shampoo of 73% ± 12%, compared to non-incubated hair after 8 hours. In conclusion, detox shampoos proved to have the potential to alter EtG and FAEE concentrations in hair during in vitro experiments....… Ingredients according to the shampoo label: Water, sodium methyl 2-sulfolaurate, disodium 2-sulfolaurate.... 

Erbul, B. T., Orhan, S., & Saka, B. Formulation of Mild Shampoos and Investigation of Possible Prebiotic Effects. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, 8(4), 100-105.

Abstract Background: Recently, there has been a significant increase in the application of prebiotics in cosmetic products. Thus, this investigation aims to create two mild shampoo compositions, containing inulin; a distinguished prebiotic, and a reference shampoo. As a further step, the efficacy of formulations against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, as well as mixed cultures of these two bacteria, was assessed. Materials and Methods: After formulation development, physicochemical (physical appearance, pH, percentage of solid contents, viscosity, density and stability studies) and biological evaluations (challenge test, MIC (Minimum inhibition concentration), MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were carried out. Results: The results showed that the hair and body shampoo formulas displayed good stability and maintained their physicochemical properties under different conditions over time. Furthermore, they were microbiologically safe according to the challenge test and instrumental analysis. Microbial assays indicated that Shampoo-A promoted the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis while inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of prebiotic active, whereas Shampoo-B inhibited the growth of both bacteria. Conclusions: Although further research is required to declare the microbiome-related claims, the development of these products holds promise for positive effects on skin health and microbiome.

Blazka, M. E., Diaco, M., Harbell, J. W., Raabe, H., Sizemore, A., Wilt, N., & Bagley, D. M. (2005). EpiOcular™ human cell construct: tissue viability and histological changes following exposure to surfactants. Toxicologist, 85, 409.

 Abstract.  The ability of the EpiOcular™ construct to predict the eye irritation potential of surfactants and surfactantbased formulations has been the subject of a formal validation program. EpiOcular™ correlates a test article's potential for ocular irritation with the time it takes to reduce tissue viability by 50% (ET50) as measured by the tissue's ability to reduce MTT. An algorithm is used to convert the ET50 value to a 'predicted Draize' score which can then be compared toin vivo data. This study investigated whether the histological changes following exposure are in agreement with the MTT results. Eight surfactants were selected from the validation study; 4 surfactants whose in vitro ocular irritation potential agreed with the in vivo data (cetyl alcohol; 3% sodium lauryl sulfate; 50% didecyldimonium chloride; sodium sulfolaurate mixture) and 4 whose in vitro data differed from the in vivo data (10% cetylpyridinium bromide; 3.2% benzethonium chloride; C10-12 alcohol ethoxylate; quaternium-18). Exposure times used in this study bracketed ET50values established in the validation study. For all surfactants, the results showed a good relationship between the degree of histological damage with changes in tissue viability. An increase in the depth and severity of tissue damage was associated with a decrease in tissue viability. Histological changes rangedfrom subtle cellular changes such as vacuolization and punctate chromatin condensation to overt tissue loss and cell necrosis. Loss of or damage to the surface squamous epithelium was associated with <20% decrease in viability, while the degree of damage to the central squamous epithelium was directly related to a 20-80% decrease in viability. In conclusion, the nature and severity of the histological changes were in agreement with the MTT results. Understanding the progression and types of cellular changes associated with tissue damage may be able to help distinguish the degrees of ocular irritation.