![]() | "Descrizione" by Al222 (20707 pt) | 2025-Feb-25 09:31 |
Trilaureth-4 è un estere fosfato, un tensioattivo non ionico comunemente utilizzato nelle formulazioni cosmetiche e per la cura della persona. Fa parte di una classe di tensioattivi ottenuti dalla reazione di alcol laurico con ossido di etilene. Il Trilaureth-4 funge da emulsionante, solubilizzante e stabilizzante, aiutando a miscelare ingredienti a base d’acqua e d’olio in formulazioni stabili. È apprezzato per la sua capacità di migliorare la texture e la consistenza di creme, lozioni, shampoo e altri prodotti per la cura della persona.
Il Trilaureth-4 è un composto formato dall’etanolazione dell’alcol laurico (un alcol grasso derivato dall’acido laurico, tipicamente presente nell’olio di cocco o nell’olio di semi di palma) con ossido di etilene. Il numero "4" si riferisce al numero di unità di ossido di etilene attaccate alla molecola di alcol laurico, rendendolo un derivato tetraetossilato. Questo porta alla formazione di una molecola sia idrofila (che ama l’acqua) che lipofila (che respinge l’acqua), caratteristica di molti tensioattivi.
Cosmetici e prodotti per la cura della persona
Applicazioni industriali
Bibliografia__________________________________________________________________________
Neill, S. M., & de Vivier, A. (1984). Contact dermatitis to trilaureth phosphate. Contact Dermatitis (01051873), 11(2).
González, J. M., Quintero, F., Arellano, J. E., Márquez, R. L., Sánchez, C., & Pernía, D. (2011). Effects of interactions between solids and surfactants on the tribological properties of water-based drilling fluids. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 391(1-3), 216-223.
Abstract. In oil well drilling the rotating pipe bears against the side of the hole at numerous points, giving rise to two main friction manifestations, known as torque and drag. Torque refers to the pipe resistance to rotation and drag to hoisting and lowering. Excessive torque and drag can cause unacceptable loss of power making oil well operations less efficient, especially in high-angle and extended-reach wells. In this work, it had been studied the effects of a surfactant additive (SA) and its dissolution in diesel (SB), on the tribological and rheological properties of water-based fluids (WBFs) formulated with two weighting materials (hematite and calcium carbonate). The tribological properties were established by measuring the coefficient of friction (CF) in conjunction with optical surface profilometry used to evaluate the wear behavior. The viscosity was determined as a function of shear rate in the interval 0.1–1000 s−1. Additionally, light scattering techniques were performed to study the dispersion stability of solid particles (weighting materials) in the aqueous surfactant solutions, and to correlate the solid–surfactant interactions observed with the tribological and rheological properties of WBFs. Based on the results, it was established that the evaluated surfactant additive can reduce significantly the CF independently of the weighting materials used, and that SA formulation has a superior performance in CF reduction than SB. Concerning the rheological properties, it was observed a viscosity increase in the polymeric WBFs formulated with hematite and SA, indicating strong interactions in the polymer–surfactant–solid system. In all other formulations there was no effect on the rheological behavior.
Miller, D., & Löffler, M. (2006). Rheological effects with a hydrophobically modified polymer. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 288(1-3), 165-169.
Abstract. In cosmetics, rheological behaviour is directly related to ease of product use, skin feel and physical stability as well as aesthetic perceptions. Hydrophobically modified (HM) polymers allow formulators to exploit various types of interaction with the hydrophobic side chains: polymer–polymer (intrachain and interchain association), polymer–surfactant (charged and un-charged) and polymer–oil interaction. The polymer used was ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/beheneth-25 methacrylate crosspolymer. It was compared in several formulation types:
polymer + water (aqueous gel: traditional hair gel)
polymer + water + nonionic surfactant (“spray gel”: sprayable hair gel)
polymer + water + anionic surfactant (shower gel)
polymer + water + oil (“cream gel”: surfactant-free O/W emulsion)
polymer + water + surfactant + oil (traditional O/W emulsion)
The rheological requirements for the different formulation types are discussed in terms of surfactant and electrolyte effects on polymer properties. Above a certain critical polymer concentration a yield stress is observed. By carefully adjusting the polymer concentration it is possible to obtain formulations which are pourable but can suspend solid particles.
Baccile, N., Babonneau, F., Banat, I. M., Ciesielska, K., Cuvier, A. S., Devreese, B., ... & Soetaert, W. (2017). Development of a cradle-to-grave approach for acetylated acidic sophorolipid biosurfactants. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(1), 1186-1198.
Abstract. Microbial production of biosurfactants represents one of the most interesting alternatives to classical petrol-based compounds due to their low toxicity, high biodegradability, and biological production processes from renewable bioresources. However, some of the main drawbacks generally encountered are the low productivities and the small number of chemical structures available, which limit widespread application of biosurfactants. Although chemical derivatization of (microbial) biosurfactants offers opportunities to broaden the panel of available molecules, direct microbial synthesis is still the preferred option and the use of engineered strains is becoming a valid alternative. In this multidisciplinary work we show the entire process of conception, upscaling of fermentation (150 L) and sustainable purification (filtration), application (foaming, solubilization, antibacterial), and life cycle analysis of acetylated acidic sophorolipids, directly produced by the Starmerella bombicola esterase knock out yeast strain, rather than purified using chromatography from the classical, but complex, mixture of acidic and lactonic sophorolipids....… Phase separation in a control emulsion using trilaureth-4 phosphate as emulsifier, was retarded for at least a month, even at RT. Its microscopic image showed a finer emulsion when …
Evaluate |