We report here interesting synergistic effects of proline and sorbitol, two well-known chemical chaperones, in the inhibition of fibrillation of two proteins, insulin and lysozyme. A combination of ma ...

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We report here interesting synergistic effects of proline and sorbitol, two well-known chemical chaperones, in the inhibition of fibrillation of two proteins, insulin and lysozyme. A combination of many biophysical techniques has been used to understand the structural morphology and modes of interaction of the chaperones with the proteins during fibrillation. Both the chaperones establish stronger polar interactions in the elongation and saturation stages of fibrillation compared to that in the native stage. However, when presented as a mixture, we also see contribution of hydrophobic interactions. Thus, a co-operative adjustment of polar and hydrophobic interactions between the chaperones and the protein surface seems to drive the synergistic effects in the fibrillation process. In insulin, this synergy is quantitatively similar in all the stages of the fibrillation process. These observations would have significant implications for understanding protein folding concepts, in general, and for designing combination therapies against protein fibrillation, in particular (1).

OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview of published evidence on the impact of erythritol, a noncaloric polyol bulk sweetener, on oral health. METHODS:A literature review was conducted regarding the potential effects of erythritol on dental plaque (biofilm), dental caries, and periodontal therapy. The efficacy of erythritol on oral health was compared with xylitol and sorbitol. RESULTS:Erythritol effectively decreased weight of dental plaque and adherence of common streptococcal oral bacteria to tooth surfaces, inhibited growth and activity of associated bacteria like S. mutans, decreased expression of bacterial genes involved in sucrose metabolism, reduced the overall number of dental caries, and served as a suitable matrix for subgingival air-polishing to replace traditional root scaling. CONCLUSIONS: Important differences were reported in the effect of individual polyols on oral health. The current review provides evidence demonstrating better efficacy of erythritol compared to sorbitol and xylitol to maintain and improve oral health (2).

However, as a contraindication, it should be remembered that the accumulation of sorbitol is known to cause microvascular diabetic complications (3).

References___________________________________________

(1) Synergistic Inhibition of Protein Fibrillation by Proline and Sorbitol: Biophysical Investigations.
Choudhary S, Save SN, Kishore N, Hosur RV.
PLoS One. 2016 Nov
(2) Erythritol Is More Effective Than Xylitol and Sorbitol in Managing Oral Health Endpoints.
de Cock P, Mäkinen K, Honkala E, Saag M, Kennepohl E, Eapen A.
Int J Dent. 2016
(3) A fiber-optic sorbitol biosensor based on NADH fluorescence detection toward rapid diagnosis of diabetic complications.
Gessei T, Arakawa T, Kudo H, Mitsubayashi K.
Analyst. 2015 Sep

Hyperglycemia Promotes Schwann Cell De-differentiation and De-myelination via Sorbitol Accumulation and Igf1 Protein Down-regulation.
Hao W, Tashiro S, Hasegawa T, Sato Y, Kobayashi T, Tando T, Katsuyama E, Fujie A, Watanabe R, Morita M, Miyamoto K, Morioka H, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M, Amizuka N, Toyama Y, Miyamoto T.
J Biol Chem. 2015 Jul

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