Salt or Sodium Chloride is a metal halide composed of sodium and chloride, an inorganic chloride salt with sodium(1+).

It is a white crystalline solid containing calcium and magnesium chlorides and commercially occurs as a white grainy or fine powder soluble in water.

There are different types of salt:

Classic salt, e.g. table salt.

Sea salt is salt obtained from seawater, collected in tanks and evaporated in the sun.

On land, salt is extracted from mines in the form of rock salt and then processed.

Then there is iodized salt, which is a common sea salt to which iodine or potassium, elements that the human body needs, have been added.

There is also diet salt, with a lower percentage of sodium and then a large amount of salt from the most diverse parts of the gobo, Himalayas, South Africa, China etc.

It is advisable to reduce salt consumption as it can cause damage to the cardiovascular system and increase the values of harmful LDL cholesterol and cause hypertension, obesity and other serious diseases.

In cosmetics, sodium chloride acts as a thickener in shampoos and conditioners containing sodium lauryl sulphate, is a co-factor in the eye irritation experienced with most shampoos, and can also cause dryness and itching of the scalp (1). 

In the following link you will find the best studies on salt and its health profile.

Salt studies

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Typical commercial product characteristics Sodium Chloride

Appearance	White powder
Boiling Point	1461 ºC
Melting Point	801°C(lit.)
Flash Point	1413°C
Density	2.165      1.199 g/mL at 20 °C
Refraction Index	n20/D 1.378
Water Solubility	360 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage	+15C to +30C
Potassium Iodate	35±15(20-50) mg/kg
Potassium ferrocyanide	≤10.0
Pb	≤1.0
As	≤0.5
F	≤5.0
Fe	≤0.0002
Ferrous cyanide	≤0.0001
Ba	≤15
Nitrogen	≤0.001
Sulfate	≤0.002
Nitrite	0
Safety

• Molecular Formula  NaCl    ClNa
• Molecular Weight     58.44
• Exact Mass    57.958622
• CAS  7647-14-5
• UNII    451W47IQ8X
• EC Number   231-598-3
• DSSTox Substance ID    DTXSID3021271    DTXSID6040379    DTXSID501033754
• IUPAC  sodium;chloride
• InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
• InChl Key      FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M
• SMILES   [Na+].[Cl-]
• MDL number  MFCD00003477
• PubChem Substance ID    329824637
• ChEBI  26710
• RXCUI    9863  
• NSC   77364
• RTECS   VZ4725000
• NCI   C29974    C821
• Beilstein    3534976
• NACRES NA.21

Synonyms

• Sodium chloride
• Salt

References__________________________________________________________

(1) Staszak K, Wieczorek D, Michocka K. Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Surface and Wetting Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Cocamidopropyl Betaine. J Surfactants Deterg. 2015;18(2):321-328. doi: 10.1007/s11743-014-1644-8.