Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini (Swaziland) and South Africa to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Maputo. Historically, the region that is now Mozambique was inhabited by Bantu-speaking peoples who migrated there thousands of years ago. The area was explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498 and later colonized by Portugal in 1505. Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975 after a decade-long guerrilla war. Following independence, the country endured a protracted and devastating civil war from 1977 to 1992. Mozambique's economy is based largely on agriculture, but the country is also endowed with rich and extensive natural resources. The economy has been growing steadily in various sectors, including manufacturing, tourism, and energy production. However, Mozambique still faces significant challenges, including poverty, corruption, and a high external debt burden. The population of Mozambique is diverse, consisting of various ethnic groups. The largest are the Makua, Tsonga, Makonde, Shangaan, Shona, Sena, Ndau, and others. The official language is Portuguese, which is used in government and education, but more than 40 different indigenous languages are spoken throughout the country. Culturally, Mozambique is known for its traditional music and dance, which play a significant role in its cultural identity. The country is also famous for its unique art forms, including sculpture and painting. Mozambican cuisine is a blend of African, Portuguese, and Arab influences, with seafood being a significant component. Geographically, Mozambique is characterized by its long coastline along the Indian Ocean, which offers beautiful beaches and rich marine life. The country also has a variety of landscapes, including savannas, forests, and mountain ranges. Mozambique faces several challenges, including frequent natural disasters like cyclones and floods, political instability, and a high rate of HIV/AIDS. The country has also been dealing with an insurgency in its northern region, which has caused significant humanitarian and security concerns. Despite these challenges, Mozambique continues to make progress in terms of economic development and political stability. Population of Mozambique from 2018 to 2020: 2018: Approximately 29.5 million inhabitants. 2019: Approximately 30.37 million inhabitants. 2020: Approximately 31.26 million inhabitants. Capital (Maputo): Population in 2020: About 1.1 million inhabitants. Top 10 cities by number of inhabitants in 2020: (Figures are approximate) Maputo: 1.1 million Matola: 893,000 Nampula: 743,125 Beira: 533,825 Chimoio: 324,000 Nacala: 224,553 Quelimane: 193,343 Tete: 155,870 Xai-Xai: 127,366 Maxixe: 119,868 Mozambique is divided into 10 provinces and the city of Maputo.