Sudan, officially the Republic of Sudan, is a country located in Northeast Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest. The capital is Khartoum. Sudan has a rich and complex history, with ancient civilizations dating back thousands of years, such as the Kingdom of Kush. It has been influenced by various cultures and religions, including Islam and Christianity. The country was also a significant commercial and cultural center in ancient Africa. Sudan's economy is primarily based on agriculture and oil, although the secession of South Sudan in 2011 meant the loss of a large portion of its oil reserves. Other important sectors include mining and industry. The population of Sudan is extremely diverse ethnically and culturally, with over 500 ethnic groups. Arabic is the official and most widely spoken language, but there are many other local languages. The majority of the population is Muslim, with a minority of Christians and followers of traditional African religions. Culturally, Sudan is known for its traditional music and dance, as well as its literature and poetry. Sudanese cuisine is influenced by various cultures and often includes dishes based on sorghum, millet, and meat. Geographically, Sudan is characterized by a variety of landscapes, from the desert plains of the Sahara to the fertile valleys of the Nile. The climate varies from desert to tropical, depending on the region. Sudan has faced numerous challenges, including internal conflicts, economic problems, and political tensions. Despite these challenges, Sudan remains a country of great strategic and cultural importance in Africa. Sudan, officially the Republic of Sudan, is a country located in Northeast Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest. The capital is Khartoum. Population of Sudan from 2018 to 2020: 2018: Approximately 41.80 million inhabitants. 2019: Approximately 42.81 million inhabitants. 2020: Approximately 43.85 million inhabitants. Capital (Khartoum): Population in 2020: About 5.27 million inhabitants. Top 10 cities by number of inhabitants in 2020: (Figures are approximate) Khartoum: 5.27 million Omdurman: 2.39 million Nyala: 565,734 Port Sudan: 489,725 Kassala: 419,030 Al-Ubayyid: 393,311 Kosti: 345,068 Wad Madani: 332,714 El Obeid: 309,425 El Fasher: 264,734 Sudan is divided into 18 states.