CI 75810 is a chemical compound, a semi-synthetic mixture of the water-soluble sodium salt of copper chlorophyllin. It is obtained from herbs, nettles and other plants. It is a green dye.

There are other 2 designations for this component :

• E141 (i) Copper pheophytin
• E141 (ii) Sodium or potassium salts of chlorophyll complexes with copper

The synthesis process takes place in several stages:

• Preparation of reagents. The main raw materials include green leaves rich in chlorophyll, such as alfalfa or spirulina, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and copper sulfate (CuSO₄).
• Extraction of chlorophyll. The production of CI 75810 begins with the extraction of chlorophyll from green leaves. The leaves are ground and treated with a solvent such as ethanol or acetone to solubilize the chlorophyll.
• Filtration. The extracted mixture is filtered to remove solid residues and obtain a clear solution containing chlorophyll.
• Saponification. The chlorophyll solution is treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to saponify the methyl and phytyl ester groups of chlorophyll, converting it into sodium chlorophyllin.
• Metal exchange. The sodium chlorophyllin is then treated with copper sulfate (CuSO₄) to replace the magnesium with copper, forming the chlorophyllin-copper complex.
• Neutralization. The solution is neutralized to adjust the pH to a desired level, typically using hydrochloric acid (HCl).
• Purification. The chlorophyllin-copper complex solution is purified using techniques such as dialysis, filtration, or chromatography to remove impurities and achieve a high-purity product.
• Concentration. The purified solution is concentrated through vacuum evaporation to reduce the volume and increase the concentration of the chlorophyllin-copper complex.
• Drying. The concentrated product is dried at controlled temperatures to obtain a fine chlorophyllin-copper complex powder.
• Stabilization. The dried product is stabilized to ensure its stability during transportation and storage, preventing oxidation and degradation.
• Quality control. The CI 75810 undergoes rigorous quality testing to ensure it meets standards for purity, color intensity, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.

What it is used for and where

The concentration of copper does not reach toxic levels, however a maximum daily intake of 15mg per kg/body weight is recommended (1).

Medical

This clinical study demonstrates a statistically significant improvement in the repair of photo-aged skin by topical treatment with a test formulation containing a 0.05% liposomal dispersion of Copper Chlorophyll Complexes (1).

Copper Chlorophyll Complexes has been used topically for many years as a treatment for wound healing (2) but has also demonstrated inhibition of hyaluronidase activity in vitro, supporting the concept that topical application of this component may be useful in reversing age-related reductions in hyaluronic acid, acting to improve the appearance of facial skin (3).

Cosmetics

Restricted cosmetic ingredient as IV/116  a Relevant Item in the Annexes of the European Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009. Substance or ingredient reported:

• Trisodium (2S-trans)-[18-carboxy-20-(carboxymethyl)-13-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-8-vinyl-21H,23H-porphine-2-propionato(5-)-N21,N22,N23,N24]cuprate(3-) (Chlorophylls)
• Wording of conditions of use and warnings:  Purity criteria as set out in Commission Directive 95/45/EC (E 140, E 141)

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

Colorant. This ingredient has the function of colouring the solution in which it is inserted in a temporary, semi-permanent or permanent manner, either alone or in the presence of the complementary components added for colouring.

"Copper Chlorophyll Complexes  studies"

• Molecular Formula   C₃₄H₃₁CuN₄Na₃O₆
• PMolecular Weight  724.159 g/mol
• CAS  15611-43-5
• EC number   234-242-5

Synonyms :

• E141
• Natural green 3
• Chlorophyllin copper sodium salt
• Chlorophyllin-Copper Complex
• Potassium sodium copper chlorophyllin
• Copper sodium chlorophyllin 

References_____________________________________________________________________

(1) McCook JP, Stephens TJ, Jiang LI, Law RM, Gotz V. Ability of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to repair photoaged skin by stimulation of biomarkers in human extracellular matrix. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016 Jul 25;9:167-74. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S111139

Abstract. Purpose: To examine the effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex on the expression of biomarkers of photoaged dermal extracellular matrix indicative of skin repair....Conclusion: The results of this human biopsy study suggest that both retinoids and sodium copper chlorophyllin complex have beneficial effects on biomarkers of photoaged skin. Products containing both sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and retinols may provide a dual approach to reversing age-related decreases in hyaluronic acid (HA) in the skin: inhibition of the breakdown of HA via sodium copper chlorophyllin complex by inhibition of hyaluronidase, and stimulation of HA synthases by retinol.

(2) Smith RG. Enzymatic debriding agents: an evaluation of the medical literature. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2008

Abstract. Although debridement is an essential part of wound care, information to guide evidence-based decisions is limited in the literature. Assuming studies to ascertain the effectiveness of pharmaceutically based enzymatic debridement products are more prolific than studies using nonpharmaceutical debridement options, a literature review was conducted to provide an evidence base to justify current wound care practice. Information on collagenase- and papain-urea-based products was reviewed with emphasis on their functional components, mechanisms of action, and patient considerations. The Medline Database, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, InfoPOEMs, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and Primary Care Clinical Practice Guidelines were searched for documents published between 1967 and 2007 using the following terms: enzymatic debridement, collagenase, papain-urea, papain-urea chlorophyllin copper complex, wounds, and diabetic foot wounds. Sixteen of of 44 relevant citations obtained fit the established criteria for readability, accuracy, reliability and validity of information. Four of the 16 studies included a control treatment, the external validity of 13 studies was limited due to small sample size, and only four studies reported a statistically significant difference in treatment outcome. Predicted bias and publication bias were common. Of the studies detailed herein, three qualified as A level, 13 qualified as B level, and none were considered to provide C level evidence. Although clinicians can glean practical information from the homogenized findings regarding patient demographics, wound type, and therapeutic goals, future studies designed to meet the criteria of level A evidence are needed to provide evidence for the use of enzymatic debridement agents.

(3) McCook JP, Dorogi PL, Vasily DB, Cefalo DR. In vitro inhibition of hyaluronidase by sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and chlorophyllin analogs. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015 Aug 12;8:443-8. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S86863.

Abstract. Background: Inhibitors of hyaluronidase are potent agents that maintain hyaluronic acid homeostasis and may serve as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial agents. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex is being used therapeutically as a component in anti-aging cosmeceuticals, and has been shown to have anti-hyaluronidase activity. In this study we evaluated various commercial lots of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to identify the primary small molecule constituents, and to test various sodium copper chlorophyllin complexes and their small molecule analog compounds for hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Ascorbate analogs were tested in combination with copper chlorophyllin complexes for potential additive or synergistic activity....Conclusion: These results support the concept of using the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to increase the hyaluronic acid level of the dermal extracellular matrix for the improvement of the appearance of aging facial skin.

Compendium of the most significant studies with reference to properties, intake, effects.

Smith RG. Enzymatic debriding agents: an evaluation of the medical literature. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2008 Aug;54(8):16-34. 

Abstract. Although debridement is an essential part of wound care, information to guide evidence-based decisions is limited in the literature. Assuming studies to ascertain the effectiveness of pharmaceutically based enzymatic debridement products are more prolific than studies using nonpharmaceutical debridement options, a literature review was conducted to provide an evidence base to justify current wound care practice. Information on collagenase- and papain-urea-based products was reviewed with emphasis on their functional components, mechanisms of action, and patient considerations. The Medline Database, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, InfoPOEMs, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and Primary Care Clinical Practice Guidelines were searched for documents published between 1967 and 2007 using the following terms: enzymatic debridement, collagenase, papain-urea, papain-urea chlorophyllin copper complex, wounds, and diabetic foot wounds. Sixteen of of 44 relevant citations obtained fit the established criteria for readability, accuracy, reliability and validity of information. Four of the 16 studies included a control treatment, the external validity of 13 studies was limited due to small sample size, and only four studies reported a statistically significant difference in treatment outcome. Predicted bias and publication bias were common. Of the studies detailed herein, three qualified as A level, 13 qualified as B level, and none were considered to provide C level evidence. Although clinicians can glean practical information from the homogenized findings regarding patient demographics, wound type, and therapeutic goals, future studies designed to meet the criteria of level A evidence are needed to provide evidence for the use of enzymatic debridement agents.

McCook JP, Stephens TJ, Jiang LI, Law RM, Gotz V. Ability of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to repair photoaged skin by stimulation of biomarkers in human extracellular matrix. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016 Jul 25;9:167-74. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S111139. 

Abstract. Purpose: To examine the effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex on the expression of biomarkers of photoaged dermal extracellular matrix indicative of skin repair. Patients and methods: Following a previously published 12-day clinical assessment model, skin biopsy samples from the forearms of four healthy females with signs of photoaged skin were obtained and samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for key biomarkers of aging skin after each subject was treated with a test material consisting of a gel containing a liposomal dispersion of sodium copper chlorophyllin... Conclusion: The results of this human biopsy study suggest that both retinoids and sodium copper chlorophyllin complex have beneficial effects on biomarkers of photoaged skin. Products containing both sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and retinols may provide a dual approach to reversing age-related decreases in hyaluronic acid (HA) in the skin: inhibition of the breakdown of HA via sodium copper chlorophyllin complex by inhibition of hyaluronidase, and stimulation of HA synthases by retinol.

McCook JP, Dorogi PL, Vasily DB, Cefalo DR. In vitro inhibition of hyaluronidase by sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and chlorophyllin analogs. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015 Aug 12;8:443-8. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S86863.

Abstract. Background: Inhibitors of hyaluronidase are potent agents that maintain hyaluronic acid homeostasis and may serve as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial agents. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex is being used therapeutically as a component in anti-aging cosmeceuticals, and has been shown to have anti-hyaluronidase activity. In this study we evaluated various commercial lots of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to identify the primary small molecule constituents, and to test various sodium copper chlorophyllin complexes and their small molecule analog compounds for hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Ascorbate analogs were tested in combination with copper chlorophyllin complexes for potential additive or synergistic activity. ...Results: The most active small molecule component of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex was disodium copper isochlorin e4, followed by oxidized disodium copper isochlorin e4. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and copper isochlorin e4 disodium salt had hyaluronidase inhibitory activity down to 10 µg/mL. The oxidized form of copper isochlorin e4 disodium salt had substantial hyaluronidase inhibitory activity at 100 µg/mL but not at 10 µg/mL. Ascorbate derivatives did not enhance the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sodium copper chlorophyllin. Copper isochlorin e4 analogs were always the dominant components of the small molecule content of the commercial lots tested; oxidized copper isochlorin e4 was found in increased concentrations in older compared to newer lots tested. Conclusion: These results support the concept of using the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to increase the hyaluronic acid level of the dermal extracellular matrix for the improvement of the appearance of aging facial skin.

Zhong S, Bird A, Kopec RE. The Metabolism and Potential Bioactivity of Chlorophyll and Metallo-chlorophyll Derivatives in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021 Apr;65(7):e2000761. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202000761. 

Abstract. Chlorophyll is the vivid chromophore which imparts the green color to plant leaves, and is consumed by humans through green vegetables. The basic porphyrin structure of chlorophyll binds magnesium in plants, but can bind different divalent metals (e.g., copper, zinc, iron) facilitated by food processing techniques and/or chemical synthesis. This review covers the known elements of chlorophyll and metallo-chlorophyll absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion in vitro and in vivo. The review discusses what is understood about the ability of these novel metallo-chlorophyll derivatives to deliver essential metals. This review also detail chlorophyll and metallo-chlorophyll toxin binding properties which largely occur during digestion, focusing on toxins including dioxins, heterocyclic aromatic amines, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and aflatoxin. Finally, the article highlights the gaps in the understanding of the metabolism and metal and toxin-binding bioactivity of this family of molecules. © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.