Meso-/microporous carbon as an adsorbent for enhanced performance in solid-phase microextraction of chlorobenzenes.
Cheng H, Song Y, Bian Y, Ji R, Wang F, Gu C, Yang X, Ye M, Ouyang G, Jiang X.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Sep 1;681:392-399. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.150.

Calcium citrate insolubilization drives the fouling of falling film evaporators during the concentration of hydrochloric acid whey.
Tanguy G, Tuler-Perrone I, Dolivet A, Santellani AC, Leduc A, Jeantet R, Schuck P, Gaucheron F.
Food Res Int. 2019 Feb;116:175-183. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.009

A Randomized Open-Label Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy, Safety, and Bioavailability of Calcium Lysinate with Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Citrate Malate in Osteopenia Patients.
Shankar K, M S, Raizada P, Jain R.
J Orthop Case Rep. 2018 Jul-Aug;8(4):15-19. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.1138.

Chronic Ingestion of Sodium and Potassium Bicarbonate, with Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium Citrate Improves Anaerobic Performance in Elite Soccer Players.
Chycki J, Golas A, Halz M, Maszczyk A, Toborek M, Zajac A.
Nutrients. 2018 Nov 1;10(11). pii: E1610. doi: 10.3390/nu10111610.

Effect of calcium citrate vs calcium carbonate on elevated parathyroid hormone after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. A double-blinded, randomized trial.
Ring Madsen L, Espersen R, Rejnmark L, Richelsen B.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018 Dec;89(6):734-741. doi: 10.1111/cen.13836.

Supersaturation of calcium citrate as a mechanism behind enhanced availability of calcium phosphates by presence of citrate.
Garcia AC, Vavrusova M, Skibsted LH.
Food Res Int. 2018 May;107:195-205. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.020

Codissolution of calcium hydrogenphosphate and sodium hydrogencitrate in water. Spontaneous supersaturation of calcium citrate increasing calcium bioavailability.
Vavrusova M, Danielsen BP, Garcia AC, Skibsted LH.
J Food Drug Anal. 2018 Jan;26(1):330-336. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.05.003.

Postmarketing experience with Neutrolin® (taurolidine, heparin, calcium citrate) catheter lock solution in hemodialysis patients.
Reidenberg BE, Wanner C, Polsky B, Castanheira M, Shelip A, Stalleicken D, Pfaffle AE.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018 Apr;37(4):661-663. doi: 10.1007/s10096-017-3157-7.

Persisting Hypocalcemia After Surgical Parathyroidectomy: The Differential Effectiveness of Calcium Citrate Versus Calcium Carbonate With Acid Suppression.
Afshan S, Farah Musa AR, Echols V, Lerant AA, Fülöp T.
Am J Med Sci. 2017 Jan;353(1):82-86. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.04.007

The Clinical Dilemma of Calcium Supplementation After Bariatric Surgery: Calcium Citrate or Calcium Carbonate That Is the Question?
Smelt HJ, Pouwels S, Smulders JF.
Obes Surg. 2016 Nov;26(11):2781-2782.

Preparation and properties of calcium citrate nanosheets for bone graft substitute.
Li J, Liu Y, Gao Y, Zhong L, Zou Q, Lai X.
Bioengineered. 2016 Sep 2;7(5):376-381

SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY: TREATMENT IS WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE OR CALCIUM CITRATE?
Baretta GA, Cambi MP, Rodrigues AL, Mendes SA.
Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2015;28 Suppl 1:43-5. doi: 10.1590/S0102-6720201500S100013.

Acute effects of calcium citrate with or without a meal, calcium-fortified juice and a dairy product meal on serum calcium and phosphate: a randomised cross-over trial.
Bristow SM, Gamble GD, Stewart A, Kalluru R, Horne AM, Reid IR.
Br J Nutr. 2015 May 28;113(10):1585-94. doi: 10.1017/S000711451500080X.

Anti-inflammatory effects of calcium citrate in RAW 264.7cells via suppression of NF-κB activation.
Choi EY, Kim HJ, Han JS.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 Jan;39(1):27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.002

Acute and 3-month effects of microcrystalline hydroxyapatite, calcium citrate and calcium carbonate on serum calcium and markers of bone turnover: a randomised controlled trial in postmenopausal women.
Bristow SM, Gamble GD, Stewart A, Horne L, House ME, Aati O, Mihov B, Horne AM, Reid IR.
Br J Nutr. 2014 Nov 28;112(10):1611-20. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514002785

Calcium citrate is a chemical compound, the inorganic salt of citric acid (α and β-hydroxytricarboxylic acid). Calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide is generally used for production. It is found in all living organisms and is part of cell metabolism. In the plant kingdom, it is found in quantities in citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwis.

Industrial production of citric acid takes place by mycological fermentation of raw sugar from Aspergillus niger and subsequent crystallisation with alkaline solutions.

The name describes the structure of the molecule. 

• "Calcium" is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. 
• "Citrate" refers to the citrate anion, which is derived from citric acid, a weak organic acid found naturally in citrus fruits.

The synthesis process takes place in several stages:

• Step 1: Preparation of raw materials: calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide and citric acid.
• Step 2: Reaction. Calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide reacts with citric acid in an acid-base reaction, in which citric acid gives a proton (H+) to calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, forming water and calcium citrate.
• Step 3: Crystallization. The resulting calcium citrate is crystallized by the solution by cooling the solution, which decreases the solubility of calcium citrate, causing it to precipitate out of the solution.
• Step 4: Filtration and drying. The precipitated calcium citrate is then filtered from the solution and dried to remove residual water

It appears in the form of a white powder.

What it is used for and where

Cosmetics

Buffering agent. An ingredient that can bring an alkaline or acid solution to a certain pH level and prevent it from changing. in practice a pH stabiliser.

Food

• E333 (i) Monocalcium citrate
• E333 (ii) Dicalcium citrate
• E333 (iii) Tricalcium citrate

Calcium citrate studies

This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and

• sealants
• adsorbents
• air care products
• biocides
• disinfectants
• foodstuffs
• pest control products
• coating products
• fillers
• putties
• plasters
• modelling clay
• fertilisers
• inks and toners
• pH regulators
• water treatment products
• laboratory chemicals
• perfumes and fragrances
• photo-chemicals
• polishes and waxes
• textile treatment products and dyes
• washing & cleaning products
• water softeners
• water treatment
• chemicals
• cosmetics
• personal care products

Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₁₀Ca₃O₁₄

Linear Formula: Ca₃(C₆H₅O₇)₂ · 4H₂O

Molecular Weight: 498.432 g/mol

UNII: 86117BWO7P

CAS: 813-94-5  5785-44-4  12405-04-8

EC Number: 212-391-7

PubChem Substance ID 329752082

MDL number MFCD00150786

Beilstein Registry Number 3924520

Synonyms:

• Tricalcium dicitrate
• E333
• Acicontral
• Tribasic calcium citrate
• Calcitrate
• Citracal
• 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2:3)
• Calcium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (3:2)
• 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid calcium salt (2:3)
• Calcitrate
• tricalcium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
• Lime citrate
• tricalcium citrate tetrahydrate
• Citrical
• Calcium citrate, tribasic
• calcium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (3:2)
• 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid calcium salt (2:3); tricalcium citrate