Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an annual small plant, with an intense aroma that grows in Mediterranean countries. It reaches 20 cm in width and about 30 cm in height.
Ocimum basilicum, commonly known as sweet basil, is a culinary herb from the mint family, Lamiaceae. It's native to tropical regions from central Africa to Southeast Asia and is a tender annual, meaning it completes its life cycle (from germination to producing seeds) within one year and is sensitive to cold temperatures.
Varieties: There are many varieties of basil available, ranging in flavor from lemony to spicy, and in colors from green to purplish-black. Examples include Genovese, Thai, Purple Ruffles, and Lemon Basil.
Cultivation: Basil is typically grown as an annual in temperate climates because it's not frost-tolerant. It thrives in well-draining soil and full sunlight. The plant should be watered regularly, but it doesn't like to be sitting in water.
Propagation: Basil is typically grown from seeds, but it can also be propagated from cuttings. Once the plant starts to flower, it's a good idea to pinch off the flowering tops to encourage the plant to produce more leaves.
Companion Planting: In gardening, basil is often planted alongside tomatoes, as it's believed to improve the flavor of the tomatoes and repel pests like mosquitoes and tomato hornworms.
Pest Issues: Basil can be susceptible to pests like aphids, whiteflies, and fusarium wilt. Regularly checking plants and using natural pest control methods can help.
Points of interest
Culinary Uses: Basil is a staple in many cuisines, especially Italian, where it's a key ingredient in dishes like pesto. Fresh basil leaves are used to give a sweet, aromatic flavor to dishes, and dried basil is also a popular seasoning.
Medicinal Properties: Basil has traditionally been used in various cultures for its medicinal properties. It contains a variety of essential oils and compounds like eugenol, which has anti-inflammatory effects. It's been used in traditional medicine systems for ailments such as stomach spasms, loss of appetite, and respiratory problems.
Essential Oil: Basil essential oil is used in aromatherapy and has potential therapeutic properties. It might help with feelings of anxiety, depression, or fatigue.
Storage: To keep fresh basil, you can store the stems in a glass of water (like cut flowers) on the counter. If stored in the refrigerator, basil tends to turn black.
Cultural and Religious Significance: In some cultures, basil is considered sacred. For example, in Hindu tradition, the Holy Basil or "Tulsi" (Ocimum tenuiflorum) is a sacred plant and plays a significant role in religious rituals.
Due to its polyphenolic and flavonoid content, basil can be considered an important ingredient in diets aimed at a healthy result (1).
References________________________________________________________________________
(1) Sestili P, Ismail T, Calcabrini C, Guescini M, Catanzaro E, Turrini E, Layla A, Akhtar S, Fimognari C. The potential effects of Ocimum basilicum on health: a review of pharmacological and toxicological studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2018 Jul;14(7):679-692. doi: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1484450.
Basil 
Alkenylbenzenes
