Gum-based nanocarriers for the protection and delivery of food bioactive compounds.
Taheri A, Jafari SM.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2019 Jul;269:277-295. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.009.

Ziprasidone-loaded arabic gum modified montmorillonite-tailor-made pectin based gastroretentive composites.
Bera H, Abbasi YF, Yoke FF, Seng PM, Kakoti BB, Ahmmed SKM, Bhatnagar P.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 May 15;129:552-563. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.171.

Encapsulation of Antihypertensive Peptides from Whey Proteins and Their Releasing in Gastrointestinal Conditions.
Alvarado Y, Muro C, Illescas J, Díaz MDC, Riera F.
Biomolecules. 2019 Apr 27;9(5). pii: E164. doi: 10.3390/biom9050164.

Antibacterial Properties of Polysulfone Membranes Blended with Arabic Gum.
Sabri S, Najjar A, Manawi Y, Eltai NO, Al-Thani A, Atieh MA, Kochkodan V.
Membranes (Basel). 2019 Feb 14;9(2). pii: E29. doi: 10.3390/membranes9020029

Facile Synthesis of Solvent Cast Arabic Gum Coated Carbonyl Iron Microspheres and Their Magnetorheological Characteristics.
Kwon SH, Sim HH, Choi HJ.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2019 Jul 1;19(7):3905-3910. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16265.

The Effect of Arabic Gum on Renal Function in Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction.
Hammad FT, Salam SA, Nemmar A, Ali M, Lubbad L.
Biomolecules. 2019 Jan 11;9(1). pii: E25. doi: 10.3390/biom9010025.

Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Stability of β-Carotene Bilayer Emulsion Coated with Bovine Serum Albumin and Arabic Gum Compared to Monolayer Emulsions.
Sheng B, Li L, Zhang X, Jiao W, Zhao D, Wang X, Wan L, Li B, Rong H.
Molecules. 2018 Feb 23;23(2). pii: E495. doi: 10.3390/molecules23020495.

The effect of edible coating based on Arabic gum, sodium caseinate and essential oil of cinnamon and lemon grass on guava.
Murmu SB, Mishra HN.
Food Chem. 2018 Apr 15;245:820-828. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.104.

The effect of Arabic gum on frozen dough properties and the sensory assessments of the bread produced.
Tavakoli HR, Jonaidi Jafari N, Hamedi H.
J Texture Stud. 2017 Apr;48(2):124-130. doi: 10.1111/jtxs.12223.

Microencapsulation of saffron petal anthocyanins with cress seed gum compared with Arabic gum through freeze drying.
Jafari SM, Mahdavi-Khazaei K, Hemmati-Kakhki A.
Carbohydr Polym. 2016 Apr 20;140:20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.079

Arabic gum or acacia gum is a chemical compound.

The name describes the structure of the molecule:

• Arabic refers to the fact that rubber was historically exported to Europe from Arabic-speaking countries, hence the name.
• Gum. This term is used to describe the viscous or sticky substances that exude from certain plants or trees.

It's not synthesized in a lab but is instead harvested directly from nature. The process takes place in different steps:

• Tapping the tree. The bark of the acacia tree is cut or tapped, causing the gum to escape as a protective response.
• Hardening. The gum hardens on exposure to air, forming tear-shaped droplets or nodules on the bark of the tree.
• Harvesting. After a certain period of time (usually a few weeks), the hardened gum is harvested by hand.
• Cleaning and sorting. The harvested gum is cleaned to remove impurities and sorted by size and colour.
• Drying and packaging. The gum is then dried and packaged for sale or further processing.

Arabic gum is obtained by engraving the bark of two species of trees:

• Acacia Senegal for food applications, pharmaceuticals
• Acacia Seyal for wine and biotechnology applications

What it is used for and where

Food

Ingredient included in the list of European food additives as  E414.

It is made up of dietary fibres that are easily water-soluble and it is used as an emulsive, thickening and stabilizing for aromas and for these purposes:

• Emulsion candy
• Gummy gelling candy
• Chewing gum for coating
• Thicking meats
• Stabilizing yogurt
• Yeast bread
• Color stabilizing wines

Medical

An excipient commonly included in drugs as a thickener.

Cosmetics

Viscosity control agent. It controls and adapts viscosity to the required level for optimal chemical and physical stability of the product and dosage in gels, suspensions, emulsions, solutions. 

Arabic gum studies

• Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₇ClN₂O₃  
• EINECS: 232-519-5
• CAS : 9000-01-5
• MDL number: MFCD00081264
• FEMA: 2001

Synonyms :

• 5-Chlorooxazolo[4,5-h]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 
• 8604-84-0 
• E414
• 86048-40-0 
• CID24747 
• D05670 
• methyl 5-chloro-[1,3]oxazolo[4,5-h]quinoline-2-carboxylate 
• methyl 5-chlorooxazolo[4,5-h]quinoline-2-carboxylate 
• Methyl 5-chlorooxazolo(4,5-h)quinoline-2-carboxylate 
• Oxazolo(4,5-h)quinoline-2-carboxylic acid, 
• 5-chloro- 
• Quazolastum 
• Quazolast
• RHC 3988

References________________________________________________________________

(1) Manawi Y, Kochkodan V, Mahmoudi E, Johnson DJ, Mohammad AW, Atieh MA Characterization and Separation Performance of a Novel Polyethersulfone Membrane Blended with Acacia Gum.  Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 20;7(1):15831. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14735-9.