High levels of expression of multiple enzymes in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway are important for high accumulation of ascorbic acid in acerola fruits.
Suekawa M, Fujikawa Y, Inoue A, Kondo T, Uchida E, Koizumi T, Esaka M.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2019 Sep;83(9):1713-1716. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1608808.

Comparison of the antioxidant property of acerola extracts with synthetic antioxidants using an in vivo method with yeasts.
Cruz RGD, Beney L, Gervais P, Lira SP, Vieira TMFS, Dupont S.
Food Chem. 2019 Mar 30;277:698-705. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.099.

Impact of combining acerola by-product with a probiotic strain on a gut microbiome model.
Bianchi F, Lopes NP, Adorno MAT, Sakamoto IK, Genovese MI, Saad SMI, Sivieri K.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2019 Mar;70(2):182-194. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1498065.

Acerola, an untapped functional superfruit: a review on latest frontiers.
Prakash A, Baskaran R.
J Food Sci Technol. 2018 Sep;55(9):3373-3384. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3309-5.

Vitamin C in Acerola and Red Plum Extracts: Quantification via HPLC, in Vitro Antioxidant Activity, and Stability of their Gel and Emulsion Formulations.
Cefali LC, de Oliveira Maia L, Stahlschimidt R, Ataide JA, Tambourgi EB, Rosa PCP, Mazzola PG.
J AOAC Int. 2018 Sep 1;101(5):1461-1465. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0008.

Improvements on the Stability and Vitamin Content of Acerola Juice Obtained by Ultrasonic Processing.
Santos VO, Rodrigues S, Fernandes FAN.
Foods. 2018 May 1;7(5). pii: E68. doi: 10.3390/foods7050068

Whey acerola-flavoured drink submitted Ohmic Heating: Bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, thermal behavior, water mobility, fatty acid profile and volatile compounds.
Cappato LP, Ferreira MVS, Moraes J, Pires RPS, Rocha RS, Silva R, Neto RPC, Tavares MIB, Freitas MQ, Rodrigues FN, Calado VMA, Raices RSL, Silva MC, Cruz AG.
Food Chem. 2018 Oct 15;263:81-88. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.115.

Microencapsulation of extracts of bioactive compounds obtained from acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) pulp and residue by spray and freeze drying: Chemical, morphological and chemometric characterization.
Rezende YRRS, Nogueira JP, Narain N.
Food Chem. 2018 Jul 15;254:281-291. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.026.

The protective effect of acerola (Malpighia emarginata) against oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts through the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial functionality.
Alvarez-Suarez JM, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Mazzoni L, Santos-Buelga C, González-Paramás AM, Forbes-Hernández TY, Afrin S, Páez-Watson T, Quiles JL, Battino M.
Food Funct. 2017 Sep 20;8(9):3250-3258. doi: 10.1039/c7fo00859g.

Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata).
Klosterhoff RR, Bark JM, Glänzel NM, Iacomini M, Martinez GR, Winnischofer SMB, Cordeiro LMC.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2018 Jan;106:473-480. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.032.

Acerola (Malpighia glabra L., Malpighia emarginata DC) belongs to the family of the Malpigaceae and is a fruit native to Central America.

It has large concentrations of vitamin C (1,700 mg vitamin C per 100 g), vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 and has carotenoids, anthocyanins, lycopene, protein (1) flavonoids.

The contents of glucose, fructose, malic acid, total polyphenols and total amino acids in acerola was 15 to 16, 14 to 16, 4 to 5, 1.2 to 1.5, and 1.8 to 2.1 g/kg edible portion, respectively  (2).

It therefore has consistent antioxidant properties.

Intake of Acerola juice is effective in suppressing the skin pigmentation induced by UVB by inhibiting the genes related to melanogenesis (3).

It has been shown that Acerola juice has a positive effect on ferrous sulfate in vivo (4).

Acerola extract regulates the abnormal growth of cells in the phase of lung cancerigenesis in mice treated with 4- (methylnitrosamino) -1- (3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (5).

Acerola studies

References__________________________

(1) Freeza-drying of Acerola (Malpighia glabra L.) Marques LG, Ferreira MC, Freire JT.  Chem Eng Process. 2007;46:451–457. doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2006.04.011.

(2) Changes of the composition in acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) fruit in relation to cultivar, growing region and maturity.   Hanamura T, Uchida E, Aoki H.  Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2008;88(10):1813–20

(3) Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) Juice Intake Suppresses UVB-Induced Skin Pigmentation in SMP30/GNL Knockout Hairless Mice.  Sato Y, Uchida E, Aoki H, Hanamura T, Nagamine K, Kato H, Koizumi T, Ishigami A.  PLoS One. 2017 Jan 23;12(1):e0170438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170438. eCollection 2017.

(4) Protective effects of acerola juice on genotoxicity induced by iron in vivo.  Horta RN, Kahl VF, Sarmento Mda S, Nunes MF, Porto CR, Andrade VM, et al.    Genet Mol Biol. 2016;39(1):122–8. 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2015-0157

(5) Effect of acerola cherry extract on cell proliferation and activation of ras signal pathway at the promotion stage of lung tumorigenesis in mice  Nagamine I, Akiyama T, Kainuma M, Kumagai H, Satoh H, Yamada K, Yano T, Sakurai H.  J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2002 Feb;48(1):69-72.

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