Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius Extract Prevents Cardiac Fibrosis and Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Epigenetically Inhibiting Smad3 Expression.
Yang J, Wang B, Li N, Zhou Q, Zhou W, Zhan Z.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 May 30;2019:6479136. doi: 10.1155/2019/6479136.

Uncovering the pharmacological mechanism of Carthamus tinctorius L. on cardiovascular disease by a systems pharmacology approach.
Yu G, Luo Z, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Wu Y, Ding L, Shi Y.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jun 13;117:109094. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109094

Effect of safflower yellow on early type II diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Wang X, Xu Y, Chu C, Li H, Mi J, Wen Z, Zhang S, Wang Q, Quan S.
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jul 26;32(7):653-665. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0425. Review.

Efficacy and Safety of Safflower Yellow in Early Diabetic Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis.
Jin X, Shi L, Chang F, Lu Y.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Feb 14;2019:8065376. doi: 10.1155/2019/8065376.

Safflower Yellow B Protects Brain against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through AMPK/NF-kB Pathway.
Du S, Deng Y, Yuan H, Sun Y.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Feb 3;2019:7219740. doi: 10.1155/2019/7219740

Safflower yellow attenuates learning and memory deficits in amyloid β-induced Alzheimer's disease rats by inhibiting neuroglia cell activation and inflammatory signaling pathways.
Zhang L, Zhou Z, Zhai W, Pang J, Mo Y, Yang G, Qu Z, Hu Y.
Metab Brain Dis. 2019 Jun;34(3):927-939. doi: 10.1007/s11011-019-00398-0.

The Effects of Safflower Yellow on Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.
Li XJ, Kang Y, Wang RR, Liao XL, Ou XF, Liu J, Zuo YX.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jan 8;2019:5952742. doi: 10.1155/2019/5952742

Safflower polysaccharide inhibits the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
Zhou H, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wang R, Li X, Zhang S.
World J Surg Oncol. 2018 Aug 13;16(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s12957-018-1441-3.

Integration of Metabolomics With Pharmacodynamics to Elucidate the Anti-myocardial Ischemia Effects of Combination of Notoginseng Total Saponins and Safflower Total Flavonoids.
Meng Y, Du Z, Li Y, Wang L, Gao P, Gao X, Li C, Zhao M, Jiang Y, Tu P, Guo X.
Front Pharmacol. 2018 Jun 25;9:667. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00667

Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.)  It belongs to the Asteraceae (Compositae) family and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease.

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, it mainly promotes blood circulation and removes blood stasis (1).

Food

Preparation of vegetable margarine, as a food flavorer, in kefir, in baked goods.

Medicine

Extraction of linoleic acid and as an anti-inflammatory.

Cosmetic

In body, hand creams and more.

Substances present (2):

• Oleic acid from 55.12% to 83.26%
• Steal acid from 2.93% to 25.09%
• Linoleic acid from 14.09% to 19.06%

Safflower studies

References___________________________________________________

(1) Carthamus tinctorius L. ameliorates brain injury followed by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats by antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.  -  Fu PK, Pan TL, Yang CY, Jeng KC, Tang NY, Hsieh CL.  -  Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2016 Dec;19(12):1368-1375. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2016.7925.

(2) Pressurized liquid extraction and chemical characterization of safflower oil: A comparison between methods.
Conte R, Gullich LM, Bilibio D, Zanella O, Bender JP, Carniel N, Priamo WL.  -  Food Chem. 2016