Biotransformation of flubendazole and fenbendazole and their effects in the ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata).
Stuchlíková LR, Skálová L, Szotáková B, Syslová E, Vokřál I, Vaněk T, Podlipná R.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Jan;147:681-687. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.020.

Trace elements in Plantago lanceolata L., a plant used for herbal and food preparations: new data and literature review.
Drava G, Cornara L, Giordani P, Minganti V.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan;26(3):2305-2313. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3740-1.

Evaluation of drug uptake and deactivation in plant: Fate of albendazole in ribwort plantain (Plantago laceolata) cells and regenerants.
Stuchlíková Raisová L, Podlipná R, Szotáková B, Syslová E, Skálová L.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 Jul;141:37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.014.

Frequent, geographically structured heteroplasmy in the mitochondria of a flowering plant, ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata).
Levsen N, Bergero R, Charlesworth D, Wolff K.
Heredity (Edinb). 2016 Jul;117(1):1-7. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2016.15.

Effects of the Timing of Herbivory on Plant Defense Induction and Insect Performance in Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) Depend on Plant Mycorrhizal Status.
Wang M, Bezemer TM, van der Putten WH, Biere A.
J Chem Ecol. 2015 Nov;41(11):1006-17. doi: 10.1007/s10886-015-0644-0.

Ribwort plantain - Plantago lanceolata.
Huber C.
Kinderkrankenschwester. 2014 Aug;33(8):319-20.

Growth performance, digestibility and faecal coliform bacteria in weaned piglets fed a cereal-based diet including either chicory (Cichorium intybus L) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L) forage.
Ivarsson E, Frankow-Lindberg BE, Andersson HK, Lindberg JE.
Animal. 2011 Feb;5(4):558-64. doi: 10.1017/S1751731110002193.

Fitness costs of chemical defense in Plantago lanceolata L.: effects of nutrient and competition stress.
Marak HB, Biere A, Van Damme JM.
Evolution. 2003 Nov;57(11):2519-30.

Phenylethanoid glucosides from in vitro propagated plants and callus cultures of Plantago lanceolata.
Budzianowska A, Skrzypczak L, Budzianowski J.
Planta Med. 2004 Sep;70(9):834-40.

Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) is a rather common edible perennial grass that grows in meadows, belonging to the family Plantaginaceae.

It has large stemmed leaves and the flowers have an oval shape surrounded by a crown of small stems.

Albendazole, a component present in plantain, is an anthelmintic, a vermifuge that is used against tapeworm and intestinal worms especially in veterinary medicine (1).

Plantain leaves have traditionally been used to treat inflammatory disorders, such as skin inflammation, oral mucosa, mouth and throat.  It has astringent properties linked to the presence of tannins, emollient and soothing properties due to the content of mucus and anti-inflammatory properties (conditioned, among other things, by phenylethanoids). The macerated leaves/herbs of ribeyer is used for poultices and rinsing in wound support therapy for skin diseases and inflammation (2).

Ribwort plantain studies

References____________________________________

(1) Evaluation of drug uptake and deactivation in plant: Fate of albendazole in ribwort plantain (Plantago laceolata) cells and regenerants.  Stuchlíková Raisová L, Podlipná R, Szotáková B, Syslová E, Skálová L.  Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 Jul;141:37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.014.

(2) Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckann J. Expanded Commission E Monographs. Plantain. Newton: American Botanical Council; 2000. Herbal medicine; pp. 307–10.